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Rules

Direct Object pronouns
English: me, you, him, her, us, you, them
Spanish: me, te, lo, la. nos, os, los, las

First person singular - me - me
Second person singular - you - te
Third person singular - he, she, it - lo, la
First person plural - us - nos
Second person plural - you - os
Third person plural - they - los, las
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Indirect Object pronouns
English: (to or for) me, you, him, her, us, you, them
(page down)me, te, le, nos, os, les
First person singular - me - me
Second person singular - you - te
Third person singular - he, she, it - le (or se before direct obj pronoun beginning with 'l')
First person plural - us - nos
Second person plural - you - os
Third person plural - they - les (or se before direct obj pronoun beginning with 'l')

Objects of Prepositions
English: me, you, him, her, us, you, them
(page down) mí,tí, él, ella, Usted, nosotros, -as, vosotros, -as, ellos, ellas, Ustedes
First person singular - (with) me - conmigo
Second person singular - (with) you - contigo
Third person singular - (with) him, her, it, you (formal) - (con) el,ella, Usted (Uds.)
First person plural - (with) us - (con) nosotros, -as
Second person plural - (with) you - (con) vosostros, -as
Third person plural - (with) them, you (formal) - (con) ellos, ellas, Ustedes (Uds.)
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Rules of order when two pronouns are used
The simple rule is as follows: in a declarative sentence (a simple statement), if a direct or indirect object is a pronoun, the order is as follows:

Direct object pronoun then verb
English: I know the address (it).
(page down)Yo sé la dirección (lo).
Yo lo sé. (Literal translation is "I it see."

English: Juan tells the truth (it).
(page down)Juan dice la verdad (la).
Juan la dice. (Literal translation is "Juan it says.")

English: The parents call the children (them)
(page down)Los padres llaman a los niños (los).
Los padres los llaman. (Literal translation is "the parents them call."
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English: Ana invites me.
Spanish: Ana me invita. (Literal translation is "Ann me invites.")

Indirect object pronoun then verb (remember object of to or for)
English: Marta writes a letter to me.
(page down) Marta me escribe una carta.
The literal translation is "Marta to me writes a letter."

English:The waiter serves the dinner to them.
(page down) El camarero les sirve la comida.
The literal translation is "The waiter to them serves the dinner."

English: The waiter serves the dinner to the guests.
*(page down) El camarero les sirve la comida a los invitados.
The literal translation is "The waiter to them serves the dinner to the guests.
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English: Juan gives her the book ("her" refers to "to Ana")
*Spanish: Juan le da el libro a Ana.
The literal translation is "Juan to her gives the book to Ana."

*It is OK to repeat the noun to which the indirect object refers, if given.

Both pronouns present
In the infrequent event that there is both a direct object AND an indirect object, the order is: indirect object, then direct object, then verb:
i.o + d.o.+ verb
English: Juan gives it to me.
Spanish: Juan me lo da. (Juan to me it gives.)

English: Manuel cooks it (the dinner, feminine) for us.
Spanish: Manuel nos la cocina.
The literal translation is "Manuel for us it cooks."
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The thing to remember is that the third person indirect object pronoun, le or les becomes se, if preceding another third person object pronoun:
English: J uan gives it to him.
Spanish: Juan se lo da.
The literal translation is "Juan to him it gives."

Object pronouns attached to end of verb
The pronouns MAY follow and be attached to the verb in a command; with an infinitive (the "to be" form of the verb; or with a present participle.
( This includes multiple pronouns, in the same order, relative to each other - indirect preceding direct, where present.)
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Command
English: Help me!
Spanish: Ayudame!
The literal translation is the same.

Infinitive
English: She is going to give it to me.
Spanish: Ella me lo va a dar. OR
Ella va a dármelo.

The next page will provide practice in using the pronouns.

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revised April 28, 2003