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Spanish words do not have case as in Latin, nor do they sometimes have more than one function, as in English. Spanish vocabulary words, when used as nouns, do not change according to case or function. For instance, as in English, the noun "house" remains the same word in "I see the house," where "house" is the direct object, as well as "The house is white," where "house" is the subject of the statement. 
Yo veo la casa. (I see the house.)
La casa es blanca. (The house is white.)

[However, as explained in the Pronoun section, pronouns will change depending on the function (subject or object).] 

Here's another hint to learning the meaning of words: 
Generally, English words that end in "-ty" will end in "-dad" in Spanish: 
the city - la ciudad
veracity (truth) - la verdad
felicity - la felicidad

The next page will discuss gender of nouns.