Other Federal statistical sources



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Introduction

"Other" means non-Census sources. Typically, these are statistics gathered and made available by individual agencies and units. Bibliographic control can be a problem since statistics may be widely scattered. Too, as more and more statistics are available only on websites, the "here today and gone tomorrow" problem is serious.

Quotes

"Ugh, there's that word: statistics. Makes you shudder, doesn't it? The very thought causes eyes to glaze over, terror to strike the heart, and an "Oh, no" feeling to settle over your entire body." ~ Paula Berinstein

"Today, a high school student {with Internet access} has better access to key statistics than top government officials had five years ago." ~ Sally Katzen

"Politicians are said to use statistics the way drunks use lampposts: for support rather than illumination." ~ Christopher S. Wren

"Thirty years ago, dinosaurs were cold-blooded, and now they're not. The dinosaurs didn't change, folks, but the evidence and the interpretation did. So we tend not to be too cocky about the 'answers' we hand out to people." ~ Anon.

We know enough to question our data. When we know that a zero result is not possible, we rethink or search strategy--did we misspell the word or the name? Are we looking in the wrong place? We question statistical data, asking "Sez who?" and "How do they know?" and "What was their method?" ~ Marylaine Block

Cautions

"Statistics are numerical data that have been collected, organized, and interpreted in some way. Collection, organization, and interpretation [analysis] provide opportunities for error or manipulation. While statistical data made available by government agencies is usually valid, the interpretations or the "so what" of that data is sometimes suspect. For example, data on drug use has often been "interpreted" far beyond what the data collection and sampling would make reasonable. Governments often use statistics to make their particular positions look good. Without thoughtful examination of the research or data collection design, it may be difficult to know how good the numbers really are and what they mean.

Most statistics are gathered by agencies as they go about their day to day business. As Marylaine Block states in her First Rule of Information: "Go Where It Is." The more familiar that you are with which agencies do what, the easier it will be to find statistics. With a little practice and some hands on exploration, you should be able to link broader subjects with particular government agencies. Think about questions might include:

Be careful, however, since statistics may be scattered and a topical problem my involve more than one agency. For example, both the Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration may gather statistics on food products.

Often, it is useful to begin with a general collection of statistics such as the Statistical Abstract . You may find the data that you need, and the sources will lead you to other sources and agencies. The Statistical Abstract serves as an index to many statistical sources.

On the web, good search terms might include:

The user's needs and familiarity with data are important since summary statistics in newspapers and periodicals may be more useful than the more detailed statistics on the web or in hard copy government reports. General indexing and abstracting services may be all that is needed.

Users should be aware that published statistics may be problematic because:

Encourage users to:
  1. Check on the source of the data. Who was responsible and when was the data collected?
  2. How was the data collected? Sampling?
  3. How current is the data? Note time lag in publication so that a 2004 table may contain 2001 data.
  4. If data is summarized, can you find and review the original data?
The best way to begin a statistical search is by identifying agencies likely to collect the data desired. Statistical Abstract is often good for this since it quickly leads to relevant data and sources.

Overviews and Background

The United States government is the largest producer of statistics in the world.

The Document Center at the University of Michigan maintains an excellent, comprehensive guide to statistical sources on the web. It's an excellent starting point for any statistical search.

The Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics (COPAFS) provides a variety of useful links.

The Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) located within the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research holds considerable social science statistical data, including some notable Federal government data sets. You may wish to look at their website. UT is a member so statistical data sets may be borrowed.

Traditional Sources

American Statistics Index (ASI) (Doc Ref Z 7554 .U5A6)

Business Statistics of the United States [annual] (HD 105 .B87]

County and City Extra: Annual Metro, City and County Data Book [annual] (HA 203 .C68)

FactSearch on FirstSearch

Gale Book of Averages (HA 155 .G34)

Guide To U.S. Government Statistics [annual] (Z 7554.U5 G94)

Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics: Employment, Earnings, Prices, Productivity, and Other Labor Data [annual] (HD 8051 .A63)

Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (HA 202 .B87 yr)

LexisNexis Statistical (Doc CD HA 154 .S83)

State Metropolitan Area Databook.

State Profiles: the Population and Economy of each U.S. State

Statistical Abstract of the United States

Statistical Portrait of the United States: Social Conditions and Trends

Statistical Programs of the United States Government [annual]

Statistical Reference Index (SRI) (Doc Ref Z 7554 .U5S83)

Statistical Yearbook [United Nations]

Statistics Source (Ref Z 7551 .S84)

Using Government Information Sources: Print and Electronic, 3ed. (Z 1223.Z7 S4 2001) by Jean L. Sears.

MetaSites

FirstGov

While search options are somewhat limited, this is a useful site for finding federal government statistical information. Don't forget the advanced search options.

Google Uncle Sam

Excellent for statistical information that might be hidden on a website. You may search by file type and keywords in URLs. Google indexes PDF files which are common at federal government sites.

U.S. Government Documents Ready Reference Collection at Columbia University

An excellent collection covering a wide variety of topics. Includes many useful links.

Welcome to Government Databases at the State University of West Georgia

Government information arranged by broad topics such as agriculture, patents, and statistics.

Statistical Sites

FedStats

The Fedstats site is the "gateway to statistics from over 100 agencies." It is the best place to begin a statistical search. Created in 1997 by the Office of Management and Budget. Notable features include links to statistics by topic, statistics by place, and a statistical reference shelf. Agencies are listed alphabetically with descriptions of their statistics and links, and a link to major statistical sources. You may also search agencies by subject or keyword to see which agencies collect data on a particular subject. There is also a link to all kid's pages on agency websites. An unusually useful site.

Economic Statistics Briefing Room

The Economic Statistics Briefing Room provides relatively easy access to current federal economic statistics with an emphasis on employment, income, money, output, prices, production, and transportation. While a White House site, it appears to be relatively objective.

Social Statistics Briefing Room

The Social Statistics Briefing Room provides relatively easy access to current federal social statistics with an emphasis on crime, demography, education, and health. While a White House site, it appears to be reasonably objective.

STAT-USA

Stat-USA , in the Commerce Department, was intended to be the one stop place for Federal government statistics much as NTIS is intended to be the one stop place for Federal government technical and scientific information. It also has adopted the same funding model. It is self-funded, subscription-based, and must recover the full costs of its operation. As a market-driven organization, it will not gather, compile, or be involved in producing statistical products unlikely to sell well. The National Economic, Social, and Environmental Data Bank was killed because it did not sell well even though it was of considerable utility. At the moment, the agency's financial future is problematic.

STAT-USA produces and distributes business, economic, and other statistical products. It used to be the Office of Business Analysis (OBA) which created the Economic Bulletin Board (EBB) in 1985 as a dial-up bulletin board to make current economic and business information available to the public as soon as possible. This was intended to be a comprehensive source of economic news. In 1986, OBA began charging for use of the Bulletin Board under the assumption that business should help defray the costs associated with its production/operation. In 1989, OBA created the National Trade Data Bank (NTDB) to bring together statistical and other information on international trade and export promotion in a low cost, digital form. Congress told it to charge reasonable fees and recapture costs.

With free distribution to FDLP, the NTDB quickly became the most used CD-ROM product in depository libraries with 1,070 depositories receiving the monthly set of 250,000 documents in 2 CDs. However, it was somewhat difficult to use. The time required to produce the CD set meant that some data was dated when the CDs arrived in the library.

In 1994, STAT-USA was created and charged with developing electronic business, economic and trade information services. Congress appropriated a revolving one-time fund of $1.67 million established to set up. The heart of the business was the information found on the NTDB and the EBB but now in one location on the WWW and more current. The site is particularly strong in data on foreign trade markets as seen in the "GLOBUS &NTDB" section of the WWW site. The other major section of STAT-USA is the "State of the Nation" which examines the current state of the U.S. economy. Both sections contain comprehensive collections of documents and publications. All publications may be searched by keyword, country, or product. Depository libraries were given single user free access and many depository libraries have done so. If one user at one workstation is a problem, a site license must be purchased and that is expensive. Depository librarians are not happy about this situation. Much of the information at STAT-USA can be found at various government web sites or via FedStats. Given the subscription fee and limited access, this source is likely to be used only in special occasions.

Agency Websites

Another good list of U.S. statistical agencies is found here

Increasingly, hard copy statistical sources available via depository libraries are replaced by data files and digital publications on an agency website. In other cases, GPO hard copy volumes are replaced by hard copy volumes issued by a commercial publisher such as Bernan. Bernan now publishes hard copy editions of several works no longer issued by the government in that format. The degree of value added varies from work to work.

Major advantages of web publication include ease of access for those connected and more current statistics since publication time lag is much reduced. Major liabilities include:

Major Federal Statistical Agencies on the WWW

Standard Industrial Classification

The Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Ref HA 40 .I6U63 1987)

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

This was a byproduct of the North American Trade initiative. The purpose was to produce a classification scheme more appropriate for contemporary industries and services and to yield comparable statistics for the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The statistical products using this classification scheme have been published. Retrospective statistical material will not likely be translated into the new scheme so SIC will remain important for those doing time series analysis.

NAICS

Here is an example of how the classification works using 51 which represents the information sector

There were breaks in some time series because of changes in placement and scope as well as new industries found in NAICS. Bridge tables are available. Problems are likely with statistics for metro areas, counties, or cities and other sub-state data.

Statistics By Subject




Agriculture

Introductions

The University of Wisconsin-Madison has created an excellent guide to agricultural economics sources

AgEcon Search

Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library

Agricultural Statistics (NASS) (A 1.47:) (AG S 21 .S8)

Census of Agriculture

Formerly produced by the Census Bureau and the Department of Agriculture, the Census is the responsibility of the National Agricultural Statistics Service. State level data is in the summary and the individual state volumes. State volumes include county level data. Some information available by ZIP code. The CD version includes county data for about half of the states and allows comparison with the earlier 1987 and 1982 censuses. Also available via the NASS website .

Dairy Yearbook

Website edition  . The Yearbook includes production, supply, use of milk and manufactured dairy products, wholesale and retail price indices, prices received by farmers, production costs, and regional market share.

The Economic Research Service. Briefing Room. Farm Income and Costs.

The website offers a variety of current data and analysis on economic aspects of agriculture.

Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector: National Financial Summary (AG a 93.45/3)

Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector: State Financial Summary (AG A 93.45/6)

Economic Research Service (ERS), Department of Agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

The FAO website. This United Nations specialized agency gathers and provides the most comprehensive collection of agricultural statistics for the world, including the U.S. Their publications are useful when there is interest in comparing agricultural data by country. Be careful since statistics are "official" or estimates and may not be valid or reliable. Major publications include:

Farm Income Data: A Historical Perspective (A1.34:740)

Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures (AG S 21 .S75 no. 694)

Food Review

Foreign Agricultural Service

National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

Do visit the NASS website

The major data collection agency, works with state agriculture departments

National Agricultural Library

Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers

State Fact Sheets

U.S. Crop Acreage and Yield Maps

U.S.D.A. Economics and Statistics System

World-Wide-Web Virtual Library: Agricultural Economics



Crime and Justice

An excellent Guide to Crime Statistics is available at Michigan State .

Organized Crime: A Crime Statistics Site

The Organized Crime website provides useful, objective information on Federal crime statistics.

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bureau of Justice Statistics At a Glance

Capital Punishment, yr

Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics (J 29.20: yrs)

Annual dealing with several aspects of processing including numbers prosecuted, convicted, incarcerated, sentenced, and under parole.

Correctional Populations, YR

Crime in the United States

Crime State Rankings YR: Crime in the 50 United States

Published by Morgan Quitno Press, this title compares the states in 500 crime and justice areas. States are ranked in each table. A similar publication, City Crime Rankings: Crime in Metropolitan America, provides information on the 100 largest cities and nearly 300 metro areas. Convenient, easily used volume.

Federal Justice Statistics Resource Center (FJSRC)

Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics YR

Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC)

Uniform Crime Reports



Economics

Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA), Commerce Department

Business Statistics of the United States

CPI Detailed Report (Doc HD 6983 .A234)

County Business Patterns (Doc HC 101 .A184)

Current Industrial Reports

Economic Bulletin Board (EBB)

Economic Indicators (Doc HC 101 .A186)

Economic Indicators Handbook (Ref HC 103 .E26 1994)

This handbook, published by Gale, includes both statistics and introductory material which defines and and describes statistical conventions and information sources.

Economic Report of the President

A Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators

A quick explanation for laypeople to the most frequently cited economic indicators.

INFORUM EconData (Maryland)

National Bureau of Economic Research

National Economic, Social, and Environmental Data Bank (discontinued) (Doc CD C1.88/2)

National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-82: Statistical Tables (Doc C59.11/5)

National Income and Product Accounts

Producer Price Indexes (PPI)

Regional Economic Information System

Statistics of Income Bulletin

Survey of Current Business (HC 101 .A13)

United States Economy At a Glance

WWW Guide to Federal Economic Indicators

Federal Economic Indicators website . The information is also found in the Economic Statistics Briefing Room.



Education

CCD Build a Table Tool

Career Guide to Industries

Condition of Education YR (Ref L 112 .A64)

Digest of Education Statistics, yr (Ref L11 .D48)

Education Indicators: An International Perspective

Education Statistics Quarterly

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Department of Education

Occupational Outlook Handbook

Projections of Education Statistics

School District Demographics

School Finance Data



Energy

Annual Energy Outlook (Doc mf E3.1/4)

Annual Energy Review (Doc mf E3.1/2)

Coal Data: A Reference

Electric Power Monthly

Energy Information Administration (EIA), DOE

Historical Statistics of the Electric Utility Industry Through 1970

Household Energy Consumption Expenditures {yr}, Part I: National Data

International Energy Annual (Doc mf E3.11/20-3)

International Energy Outlook

Monthly Energy Review (HD 9564 .M66)

Natural Gas Monthly

Petroleum Marketing

Petroleum Supply Annual

Renewable Energy Annual yr



Environment

The University of Michigan Documents Center has a good guide to Statistical Resources on the Web: Environment .



Finance

Annual Statistical Digest (HG 181 .A1U55a)

Banking and Monetary Statistics (HG 2493 .A52)

The Beige Book

Bureau of the Public Debt

EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System)

FRASER (Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Financial Management Service (FMS)

Federal Reserve System

Created in 1913 to provide for a safer and more flexible banking and monetary system. The U.S. is divided into 12 regional service areas each with its own Federal Reserve Bank. Each Bank has some unique publications and data collections. All 12 banks have research departments and issue scholarly and quite objective publications. Research staff has high credentials, very scholarly. Bank periodicals are indexed in ABI/Inform, Business Periodicals Index, and PAIS. The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia issues a biannual print index of all Federal Reserve publications. Each Federal Reserve Bank has its own website and provides substantial statistical information on financial and economic activity within its region. The regional banks are located in:

Three examples follow: FRED at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta:

Reserve Bank of Boston

Federal Reserve Bulletin (Mnper HG 2401 .A5)

Federal Reserve Research Roundup

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS)

National Credit Union Administration

National Information Center (NIC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Treasury Bulletin



Foreign Trade

Export Statistics Express

Foreign Trade Highlights (C 61.28/2:yr)

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics (C 3.6/2:F 76/992)

Interactive Tariff and Trade DataWeb

National Trade Data Bank

U.S. Exports of Merchandise

U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Highlights

U.S. Imports of Merchandise




Government

Facts and Figures on Government Finance (Ref HJ 257 .T25)

Governments Division, Census Bureau

Green Book

Office of Management and Budget



Health

An excellent guide to Health Statistics is found at Michigan State University

Center for Disease Control

CDC Wonder provides access to a variety of public health data sets, including mortality and vital statistics.

Combined Health Information Database

Child Health (HE 20.9202:c 43/2/

Annual chart book for children and youth. Includes historical data. Data by state and urban area.

Health, United States, year (Ref HA 203 .C68) (HE 29.7042/6:)

Healthfinder

Healthfinder is a gateway to Federal government consumer health information on the WWW . Access to some databases.

International Database

Statistical tables for all countries including some health statistics. May be useful for comparative purposes.

Monthly Vital Statistics Report (HE 20.6217)

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information

The NCADI website contains some statistical information in fact sheets and publications.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

National Health Care Survey

National Health Interview Survey

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAA)

The NIAAA website provides access to some statistical information.

National Institute on Drug Abuse

The NIDA website provides access to some statistical information, especially on drug use by students and adolescents.

National Substance Abuse Web Index (NCADI)

National Survey of Family Growth

State Injury Mortality Data

Injury mortality data is found here . Includes national and state data on deaths by firearms, motor vehicles, suffocation, drowning, falls, fire, poison, homicide and suicide from 1989.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

The SAMHSA

provides access to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse as well as other statistical data.

Vital Statistics of the United States (Ref HA 203 .A22)

World Health Report

World Health Statistics



Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

CPI Detailed Report

Current Employment Statistics

Employment, Hours and Earnings, United States, 1909-1994 ( L2.3:1312-12+909-94)

Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-1994 (Doc L2.3:2320)

This is a companion to the above volume for states and 272 areas.

Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment (L2.3+12:)

Glossary

Handbook of Labor Statistics (HD 8064 .A3) [discontinued[

Monthly Labor Review (Mainper HD 8051 .A78)

Occupation Outlook Handbook, yr

Occupational Outlook Quarterly

Productivity Measures for Selected Industries and Government Services (Doc mf L2.3/20)

Report on the American Workforce (L 1.2: AM 3/6/yr)



Military

The Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, Statistical Information, Analysis Division

Includes some statistics on personnel and casualty information which is found here

World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (UA 17 .U65)

Military expenditures, arms transfers, armed forces and related economic data for 144 countries.



Politics

There is an excellent guide to Statistical Resources on the Web: Politics at the University of Michigan Documents Center . This includes both government and non-government sources. Only a few sources contain much statistical information.

America Votes: A Handbook of Contemporary American Election Statistics

Presidential Elections Since 1789 (Ref JK 524 .P68)

Voting statistics for president and vice president through the 1980 elections.



Population

See Census reports mentioned in previous topic.


Religion

Adherents.com Religion Statistics and Geography




Social Issues

Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin

Earnings and Employment Data for Wage and Salary Workers Covered Under Social Security by State and County

Income of the Population 55 or Older

Kids Count Data Book

OASDI Beneficiaries by State and County

Office of Research and Statistics (ORS), Social Security Administration (SSA)

Social Security Programs Throughout the World

Supplemental Security Income State and County Data



Transportation

Aviation Accident Statistics

Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), Department of Transportation

Census Transportation Planning Package

FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation

Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Highway Administration

Federal Railroad Administration

Federal Transit Administration

Highway Statistics (HE 355 .A3a47)

Maritime Administration

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Transit Data Base

National Transportation Atlas Databases

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)

North American Transportation Statistics (NATS)

Sources of Information in Transportation

Statistical Resources on the Web: Transportation

Traffic Safety Data

TranStats: the Intermodal Transportation Database


Last major revision: January 2005.
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