INSTRUCTOR: Norma Cox Cook, T-101 McClung Tower, 974-7067

OFFICE HOURS: 1:00-2:00 MWF and by appointment (You are welcome without appointments at all other times that I am in my office.)
 
 
 

TEXTS: Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. Man Cannot Speak for Her. Volumes I and II. 1989.
 

READING ASSIGNMENTS ON RESERVE:

Griffin, Leland M. "The Rhetoric of Historical Movements." Quarterly Journal of Speech 38 (1952): 184-88.

Hagan, Martha. "The Antisuffragists' Rhetorical Dilemma: Reconciling the Private and Public Spheres." Communication Reports 5 (1992): 73-81.

Kraditor, Aileen S. "The Rationale of Antisuffragism." The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890-1920. 14- 42.

---. Up From the Pedestal. 192-203.
 
 

This course is designed to provide both a critical and historical study of public address in the campaign for women's rights in the United States from the 1830s through the 1920s.
 
 

1. Class attendance and participation in discussions of assigned readings in the required texts and materials on Reserve in the library

2. One class report on a speaker or movement publication

3. An annotated bibliography of four supplemental readings

4. A short paper analyzing one example of antisuffrage rhetoric

5. Two in-class essay examinations

6. A research paper, at least 2,500 words in length, that focuses on a rhetorical analysis of any aspect of the movement

[7. If you are taking the course for graduate credit, additional readings will be required: one book about the movement (such as Eleanor Flexner's Century of Struggle) or a movement speaker and additional supplemental readings as noted on the syllabus. In addition, the research paper should be longer but should not exceed 20 pages.]
 
 

Final Grade

5% - Class participation

5% - Class report on a selection about a speaker/publication

5% - Annotated bibliography of four supplemental readings

10% - Short paper analyzing antisuffrage rhetoric

25% - Research paper

25% - Mid-term examination

25% - Final Examination
 

Written Assignments

One goal of this course is the further development of writing skills. Thus, careful attention should be given to language usage and to writing mechanics. In addition, papers should be proofread carefully in order to avoid misspellings and inaccuracies due to typing errors. Writing errors will result in a lower grade on the assignment.
 

Penalties

1. One letter grade will be deducted if an assignment is submitted after the deadline, and all late work must be submitted no later than 5:30 p.m. on Wednesday, December 6.

2. The class participation grade will be lowered one letter grade for each absence over three. If you miss the roll call, it is your responsibility to have your attendance recorded at the end of that class period.

3. Plagiarism will result in failure in the course. Plagiarism is defined in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th ed., as follows: "To use another person's ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source is to plagiarize" (30).

4. All assignments must be submitted to receive a grade in the course.
 

Course conduct will be governed by the University's Honor Statement: "An essential feature of The University of Tennessee, Knoxville is a commitment to maintaining an atmosphere of intellectual integrity and academic honesty. As a student of the University, I pledge that I will neither knowingly give nor receive any inappropriate assistance in academic work, thus affirming my own personal commitment to honor and integrity."
 

Students are expected to be present for every class period unless illness or serious emergencies make attendance impossible. Participation includes being present for the entire class period, being prepared for the day's assignment, being good listeners, and contributing to discussions. Information from supplemental readings should be contributed to class discussions, as appropriate. In case of inclement weather, the University policy as stated on page 12 of the Fall Timetable will be followed.
 

Each student will serve as a resource person for the class on one speaker or movement publication by reporting on one of the selections listed below. Reports should accurately convey the main ideas of the selection and include sufficient explanation for an understanding of each. Reports may be read from a prepared manuscript or delivered extemporaneously from notes, and they should not exceed 15 minutes.
 

Unless otherwise noted, all selections are from the following source:

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs, ed. Women Public Speakers in the United States, 1800-1925: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Westport: Greenwood, 1993. [IN REFERENCE: HQ1412.W67 1993]
 

Hassencahl, Fran. "Jane Addams." 1-13.
 

Barry, Kathleen L. "Susan B. Anthony." 14-25.
 

Spies, Barbara S. "Antoinette Brown Blackwell." 63-75.
 

Coon, Anne C., ed. Hear Me Patiently: The Reform Speeches of Amelia Jenks Bloomer. Westport: Greenwood, 1994. 1-36. [HQ1418.B56 1994]
 

Birdsell, David S. "Carrie Lane Chapman Catt." 321-38.
 

Murphy, John M. "Laura Clay." 99-110.
 

Jerry, E. Claire. "Clara Bewick Colby." 49-62.
 

Derbyshire, Lynne. "Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis." 309-20.
 

Lake, Randall A. "Abigail Scott Duniway." 393-408.
 

Wagner, Sally Roesch. "Matilda Joslyn Gage." 279-93.
 

Elmes-Crahall, Jane. "Deborah Sampson Gannett." 380-92.
 

Jerry, E. Claire. "Helen Jackson Gougar." 267-78.
 

Japp, Phyllis M. "Angelina Grimké Weld." 206-15.
 

Vonnegut, Kristin S. "Sarah M. Grimké." 216-28.
 

Huxman, Susan Schultz. "Julia Ward Howe." 434-47.
 

Altman, Karen E. "Florence Kelley." 294-308.
 

Lashley, Warren L. "Belva Bennett McNall Lockwood." 39-48.
 

Kauffman, Charles M. "Catharine Waugh McCulloch." 448-61.
 

Olson, Lester C., and Trudy Bayer. "Lucretia Coffin Mott." 125- 42.
 

Christiansen, Adrienne E. "Clarina Howard Nichols." 256-66.
 

Conrad, Charles. "Ernestine Potowski Rose." 350-68.
 

Linkugel, Wilmer A. "Anna Howard Shaw." 409-20.
 

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. "Elizabeth Cady Stanton." 76-88.
 

Sells, Laura R. "Maria W. Miller Stewart." 339-49.
 

Waggenspack, Beth M. "Lucy Stone." American Orators Before 1900. Ed. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 358-63. [PN4055.U5A4 1987]
 

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. "Mary Church Terrell." Women Public Speakers in the United States, 1925-1993. Ed. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell. Westport: Greenwood, 1994. 108-19. [REFERENCE HQ1412.W68 1994]
 

Fitch, Suzanne Pullon. "Sojourner Truth." 421-33.
 

Hutton, Mary M. Boone. "Ida B. Wells Barnett." 462-75.
 

Dei, Sister Sharon. "Emma Hart Willard." 242-55.
 

Dow, Bonnie J. "Frances E. Willard." 476-89.
 

Condray, Suzanne E. "Victoria Claflin Woodhull." 89-98.
 

Dow, Bonnie J. "The Revolution, 1868-1870: Expanding the Woman Suffrage Agenda." A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910. Ed. Martha M. Solomon. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1991. 71-86. [PN4888.W65V65 1991]
 

Huxman, Susan Schultz. "The Woman's Journal, 1870-1890: The Torchbearer for Suffrage." A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910. Ed. Martha M. Solomon. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1991. 87-109. [PN4888.W65V65 1991]
 

_________________________________________________________________
 

Four selections are to be read from the options listed below. If a book is listed without pages being specified, read any appropriate chapter as your selection.
 

An annotated bibliography of these readings is to be prepared according to the following guidelines.
 

Arrangement: The bibliography should be divided into two sections, with the section number preceding the entries. Entries under Section II should be listed in alphabetical order. Single space within entries, and double space between entries.
 

Content: Each entry should begin with the bibliographical citation in proper form. [Remember to substitute the full name of the author for the three dashes that appear in a syllabus listing when you are citing only one work by that author.] The annotation should follow the bibliographical citation. It should be your summary of the selection, and it should be brief, usually not more than 50 words.
 

SECTION I: The Emergence of Women as Public Speakers (Read one of the following.) (Graduate students: Read two.)
 

Browne, Stephen H. "Encountering Angelina Grimké: Violence, Identity, and the Creation of Radical Community." Quarterly Journal of Speech 82 (1996): 55-73.

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. "Gender and Genre: Loci of Invention and Contradiction in the Earliest Speeches by U.S. Women." Quarterly Journal of Speech 81 (1995): 479-95.

Daughton, Suzanne M. "The Fine Texture of Enactment: Iconicity as Empowerment in Angelina Grimké's Pennsylvania Hall Address." Women's Studies in Communication 18.1 (1995): 19-43.

Gold, Ellen Reid. "The Grimké Sisters and the Emergence of the Woman's Rights Movement." Southern Speech Communication Journal 46 (1981): 341-60.

Huxman, Susan Schultz. "Mary Wollstonecraft, Margaret Fuller, and Angelina Grimke: Symbolic Convergence and a Nascent Rhetorical Vision." Communication Quarterly 44 (1996): 16-28.

Japp, Phyllis M. "Esther or Isaiah?: The Abolitionist-Feminist Rhetoric of Angelina Grimké." Quarterly Journal of Speech 71 (1985): 335-48.

Kendall, Kathleen Edgerton, and Jeanne Y. Fisher. "Frances Wright on Women's Rights: Eloquence Versus Ethos." Quarterly Journal of Speech 60 (1974): 58-68.

Vonnegut, Kristin S. "Poison or Panacea?: Sarah Moore Grimké's Use of the Public Letter." Communication Studies 46 (1995): 73-88.

Zaeske, Susan. "The `Promiscuous Audience' Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman's Rights Movement." Quarterly Journal of Speech 81 (1995): 191-207.
 
 
 

SECTION II: The Early Woman's Rights Movement (Read three of the following.) (Graduate students: Read ten.)
 

Bosmajian, Haig A. "The Abrogation of the Suffragists' First Amendment Rights." Western Speech 38 (1974): 218-32.

Burkholder, Thomas R. "Kansas Populism, Woman Suffrage, and the Agrarian Myth: A Case Study in the Limits of Mythic

Transcendence." Communication Studies 40 (1989): 292-307.

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. "Contemporary Rhetorical Criticism: Genres, Analogs, and Susan B. Anthony." The Jensen Lectures: Contemporary Communication Studies. Ed. John I. Sisco. Tampa: U of South Florida, 1983. 117-32.

---. "Elizabeth Cady Stanton." American Orators Before 1900. Ed. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 340-49.

---. "Stanton's `The Solitude of Self': A Rationale for Feminism." Quarterly Journal of Speech 66 (1980): 304-12.

---. "Style and Content in the Rhetoric of Early Afro-American Feminists." Quarterly Journal of Speech 72 (1986): 434-45.

Carlson, A. Cheree. "Defining Womanhood: Lucretia Coffin Mott and the Transformation of Femininity." Western Journal of Communication 58 (1994): 85-97.

Conrad, Charles. "Agon and Rhetorical Form: The Essence of `Old Feminist' Rhetoric." Central States Speech Journal 32 (1981): 45-53.

---. "The Transformation of the `Old Feminist' Movement." Quarterly Journal of Speech 67 (1981): 284-97.

Cuklanz, Lisa M. "`Shrill Squawk' or Strategic Innovation: A Rhetorical Reassessment of Margaret Sanger's Woman Rebel." Communication Quarterly 43 (1995): 1-19.

Dow, Bonnie J. "The `Womanhood' Rationale in the Woman Suffrage Rhetoric of Frances E. Willard." Southern Communication Journal 56 (1991): 298-307.

Foss, Karen A. "Sojourner Truth." American Orators Before 1900. Ed. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 385-90.

Gayle, Barbara Mae, and Cindy L. Griffin. "Mary Ashton Rice Livermore's Relational Feminist Discourse: A Rhetorically Successful Feminist Model." Women's Studies in Communication 21 (1998): 55-76.

Gring-Pemble, Lisa M. "Writing Themselves into Consciousness: Creating a Rhetorical Bridge Between the Public and Private Spheres." Quarterly Journal of Speech 84 (1998): 41-61.

Hayden, Sara. "Negotiating Femininity and Power in the Early Twentieth Century West: Domestic Ideology and Feminine Style in Jeannette Rankin's Suffrage Rhetoric." Communication Studies 50 (1999): 83-102.

Kraditor, Aileen S. The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890-1920. New York: Columbia UP, 1965. Ch. 3.

Leeman, Richard W. "Do Everything" Reform: The Oratory of Frances E. Willard. New York: Greenwood, 1992.

Linkugel, Wil A. "Anna Howard Shaw." American Orators of the Twentieth Century. Ed. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 361-67.

---. "The Woman Suffrage Argument of Anna Howard Shaw." Quarterly Journal of Speech 49 (1963): 165-74.

Linkugel, Wil A., and Martha Solomon. Anna Howard Shaw: Suffrage Orator and Social Reformer. New York: Greenwood, 1991.

Mansfield, Dorothy M. "Abigail S. Duniway: Suffragette with Not-So-Common Sense." Western Speech 35 (1971): 24-29.

Mattina, Anne F. "`Rights as Well as Duties': The Rhetoric of Leonora O'Reilly." Communication Quarterly 42 (1994): 196- 205.

Merriam, Allen H. "Susan B. Anthony." American Orators Before 1900. Ed. Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan. New York: Greenwood, 1987. 28-34.

Perkins, Sally J. "The Myth of the Matriarchy: Annulling Patriarchy Through the Regeneration of Time." Communication Studies 42 (1991): 371-82.

Shelby, Annette. "The Southern Lady Becomes an Advocate." Oratory in the New South. Ed. Waldo W. Braden. Baton Rouge: Louisiana UP, 1979. 204-36.

Solomon, Martha. "Autobiographies as Rhetorical Narratives: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Anna Howard Shaw as `New Women.'" Communication Studies 42 (1991): 354-70.

Solomon, Martha M., ed. A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage

Press, 1840-1910. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1991. [except chapters 5 & 6]

Stormer, Nathan. "Embodied Humanism: Performative Argument for Natural Rights in `The Solitude of Self.'" Argumentation and Advocacy 36 (1999): 51-64.

Thompson, Julie M. "Incarcerated Souls: Women as Individuals in Margaret Fuller's Woman in the Nineteenth Century." Communication Quarterly 43 (1995): 53-63.

Torrens, Kathleen M. "All Dressed Up with No Place to Go: Rhetorical Dimensions of the Nineteenth Century Dress Reform Movement." Women's Studies in Communication 20.2 (1997): 189-210.

----. "Fashion as Argument: Nineteenth-Century Dress Reform." Argumentation and Advocacy 36 (1999): 77-87.

Waggenspack, Beth M. "Awakening Society to False Perceptions about Women." Rhetorical Studies Honoring James L. Golden. Ed. Lawrence W. Hugenberg. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt, 1986. 163-78.

---. The Search for Self-Sovereignty: The Oratory of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. New York: Greenwood, 1989.

Watson, Martha. Lives of Their Own: Rhetorical Dimensions in Autobiographies of Women Activists. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999. Ch. 4, 5, 6 or 7.

Zacharis, John C. "Emmeline Pankhurst: An English Suffragette Influences America." Speech Monographs 38 (1971): 198-206.
 
 

There is no restriction on the topic other than the general guideline that it must be a rhetorical analysis of some aspect of the historical woman's rights movement in the United States. The topic may focus on the rhetoric of the movement or that of the counter-movement or both. Examples of aspects that might be studied include a significant speech, an influential publication (such as a movement newspaper, book, or essay), an important issue, a persuasive strategy, a leader of the movement or of the opposition, political cartoons on movement issues, the use of songs or demonstrations by the movement, or an autobiography of a movement activist. The articles listed for supplemental readings provide examples of such studies. It is recommended that topics be selected no later than mid-term. Students are encouraged to select topics related to their own interests.
 

Papers should be at least 2,500 words in length (approximately 10-11 double-spaced pages of text), and they should be typed or printed on a computer. Research should include some primary materials. Sources should be properly documented with parenthetical documentation within the text of the paper and a Works Cited at the end according to the style of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th edition. The paper should be logically and clearly organized with an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should include a statement of the purpose of the paper and a brief preview of the main points to be developed in the body of the paper. Transitions should be used to make each main idea in the body of the paper easily identifiable, and each main point should be developed with specific supporting materials. A summary of the major points should appear in the conclusion.
 

SOME CAUTIONS: In writing the paper, be sure that the focus is a rhetorical one. Papers that are limited to a biography of a person or the history of some period will not meet this criterion. It also is essential that the paper be movement-oriented. A paper written on a topic related to women but without links to the movement will not be sufficient.
 
 

• Research: Your assignment is to locate one example of antisuffrage rhetoric. It may be in any written form--a speech, an editorial, an essay, an opinion column, etc. The selection should be in its complete form rather than an excerpt, and it should not be one included in class reading assignments. For possible selections, consult one of the antisuffrage publications on microfilm-The Woman's Protest [DOCMIC 1154.H573], The Reply [DOCMIC HQ1154.H56], The Woman Patriot [DOCMIC JK1911.W3 B8], the section on "Woman Suffrage" in Cynthia D. Kinnard's Antifeminism in American Thought: An Annotated Bibliography which is on Reserve [HQ1426.K556 1986], or one of the print or online indexes to historical newspapers and periodicals.

 

W 8/23 Introduction to the course
 

F 8/25 An overview of the historical woman's rights movement

(I, ch. l; II, Introduction)
 

M 8/28 Emergence of women as public speakers

(Supplemental Readings, Section I)
 

W 8/30 The struggle for the right to be public speakers

(I, ch. 2; II, #1)
 

F 9/1 Abolition and the "woman question"

[Report: S. Grimké]

(II, #2, 3)
 

[M 9/4 LABOR DAY HOLIDAY]

W 9/6 Responses to opposition based on the theological rationale [Report: Mott]

(I, ch. 3; II, #6)
 

F 9/8 An introduction to the rhetoric of movements; emergence of the woman's rights movement

(Griffin)

M 9/11 Seneca Falls Convention

(I, pp. 49-59; II, #4)
 

W 9/13 Seneca Falls Convention [Report: Stanton]

(I, pp. 59-63; II, #5)
 

F 9/15 Convention debates of the 1850s [Reports: Davis; Truth]

(Review I, pp. 19-22; II, #7)

M 9/18 Convention debates of the 1850s [Report: Rose; Stone]

(I, pp. 63-69; II, #8)
 

W 9/20 Attempts at dress reform in the 1850s [Report: Bloomer]

(Supplemental Readings, Section II: one selection)
 

F 9/22 Campaign for legal rights [Report: Nichols]

(I, pp. 87-93; II, #9)

M 9/25 Campaign for legal rights

(I, pp. 93-103; II, #10)
 

W 9/27 Campaign for legal rights

(II, #11)
 

F 9/29 The 1860 convention debates [Report: Brown Blackwell]

(I, ch. 5; II, #12)

M 10/2 Library session on research for papers: Professor Anne Bridges. MEET IN HODGES LIBRARY. ROOM TO BE ANNOUNCED. (Reminder: No food or drinks)

(Supplemental Readings, Section II: one selection)
 

W 10/4 The Civil War period; review for mid-term examination

(Supplemental Readings, Section II: one selection)
 

F 10/6MID-TERM EXAMINATION

M 10/9 Controversy and division: 1865-1869

(II, #14)
 

W 10/11 Controversy and division: 1865-1869

(II, #15)
 

[F 10/13 FALL BREAK]
 

M 10/16 New movement publications [Reports: Revolution; Woman's Journal; Colby]

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS DUE
 

W 10/18 The legal strategy: Susan B. Anthony [Report: Anthony]
 

F 10/20 The legal strategy

(I, ch. 7; II, #16)
 

M 10/23 From division to reunion [Report: Gage]

(II, #18)
 

W 10/25 Stanton's "Solitude of Self" speech

(I, ch. 9; II, #19)
 

F 10/27 Opposition rhetoric

(Kraditor, Ideas and Up From the Pedestal)
 

M 10/30 Opposition rhetoric

(Hagan)
 

W 11/1 Opposition rhetoric: class reports on papers

SHORT PAPERS ON ANTISUFFRAGE RHETORIC DUE
 

F 11/3 The shift from justice to expediency arguments [Report: Frances Willard]

(I, ch. 8; II, #17)
 

M 11/6 The shift from justice to expediency arguments

[Reports: Addams; Kelley; Howe]
 

W 11/8 The rhetoric of Afro-American women: Ida B. Wells

[Report: Wells Barnett]

(I, pp. 145-50; II, #20)
 
 
 

F 11/10 Video: Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice

MEET IN HODGES LIBRARY ROOM 253.
 

M 11/13 The rhetoric of Afro-American women: Mary Church Terrell [Report: Terrell]

(I, pp. 150-56; II, #21)
 

W 11/15 Suffrage rally songs and songs of persuasion
 

F 11/17 State campaigns [Reports: Duniway; Gougar; McCulloch]
 

M 11/20 State campaigns: 1910-1917 [Report:Shaw]

(I, pp. 157-64; II, #22)
 

W 11/22 Federal amendment: (1) Alice Paul's agitational tactics; (2) A southern viewpoint on the federal amendment [Report: Clay]

(I, pp. 171-79)
 

[F 11/24 THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY]

M 11/27 Federal amendment: Leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt

[Report: Catt] (I, pp. 164-71; II, #23)

RESEARCH PAPERS DUE
 

W 11/29 Federal amendment. COURSE EVALUATIONS.

(II, #24)
 

F 12/1 Federal amendment

(II, #25)
 

M 12/4 The winning of suffrage
 

W 12/6 Changes in the movement in the 1920s.

(I, ch. 12; II, #26)
 
 
 

FINAL EXAMINATION: Wednesday, December 13, 12:30-2:30 p.m. (The University requires that examinations be given according to its established schedule. You must take this examination at the time listed unless it is the third written exam which you have scheduled on that day. Students who qualify for this exception are required to complete arrangements for rescheduling no later than two weeks before classes end.)