Prominent Alumni: Part I

There are numerous distinctions in the field of scholarship that carry universal recognition, but the Nobel Prize and the Rhodes Scholarship are two that are undoubtedly preeminent. The Nobel Prizes, named after the Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) were created in 1895 by a legacy provided by Nobel to recognize outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, and peace. The first prizes were awarded in 1901. In 1969, an additional prize in economics was instituted with funds provided by the Swedish National Bank. The Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which varies from year to year. Currently, the cash award amounts to about $1,000,000. The Rhodes Scholarships were established in 1903 by a bequest from Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902), a British mining entrepreneur, who helped open up Central Africa to British colonization. Rhodes sought to encourage the education of young male college graduates from the U.S. and the British Commonwealth at Oxford University by offering scholarships to a select number of students who could demonstrate high character, intellectual ability, and athletic prowess. In 1976, the scholarships were opened to women. Of the seventy scholarships awarded each year, thirty-two go to graduates of U.S. colleges and universities.

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, boasts one Nobel Laureate and six Rhodes Scholars. James Buchanan received the Nobel Prize for economics in 1986; the Rhodes Scholars (and the dates of their awards) are Bernadotte E. Schmitt (1905), Matthew G. Smith (1911), Arthur P. Whitaker (1917), William Everett Derryberry (1928), and Nancy-Ann E. Min (1979), and Jennifer Santoro (1994).

James McGill Buchanan

James McGill Buchanan was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, on October 2, 1919, into a family that had roots extending back to the first settlements in the Cumberland country. His paternal grandfather, John Buchanan--who had married Francis McGill--was Tennessee's governor from 1891-1893, representing the Democratic-Farmer's Alliance coalition that sought to promote agrarian interests. James's mother and father were active in local politics but managed a farm for their living. James toyed with the idea of studying law with a political career in mind but, for financial reasons, elected to attend his hometown institution, Middle Tennessee State Teachers College, while living at home and helping out on the family farm. His superior scholastic performance earned him a fellowship to the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, from which he received an M.A. in 1941.

Buchanan later confessed that he had not learned much economics at Middle Tennessee where he had majored in math, English, and social science and not much more at UT, with an Economics Department composed of only two professors and several instructors. Buchanan did pay tribute to Charles P. White, professor of finance in Knoxville, for his knowledge and encouragement. World War II interrupted Buchanan's academic career. He entered the U.S. Navy, secured a commission, served briefly in the Naval War College, and then was assigned to the operations staff of Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander-in-chief of the Pacific Fleet. Buchanan spent the rest of the war at fleet headquarters in Hawaii and Guam.

Following the war, Buchanan resumed his graduate studies at the University of Chicago, from which he received the Ph.D. degree in 1948. Here he was converted from a "libertarian socialist" economic philosophy to the principle of the free market, which was to underlie all of his later writing and scholarly research. With his new degree, Buchanan accepted a position with the Economics Department at the University of Tennessee as an associate professor, joining his old mentor, Charles White. Within two years, Buchanan was promoted to full professor, but UT could not hold him. In 1951, he accepted the headship of the Economics Department at Florida State University, where he remained until 1955. After a year in Italy on a Fulbright grant, Buchanan moved to the University of Virginia as head of the Economics Department. He also became director in 1957 of a new research institute, the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Its purpose was to offer an alternative to what Buchanan saw as the increasingly technical nature of economics and to promote research "in a social order based on individual liberty."

For the next twelve years, the Center provided Buchanan and the co-founder of the organization, Gordon Tullock, with an ideal place to pursue their joint interests in applying economics to the study of political decision making. This area of research came to be known as "public choice theory," and it was elucidated in a string of books which Buchanan produced either alone or as a co-author or editor. They included Prices, Income, and Public Policy (1954), Public Principles of Public Debt (1958), The Public Finances (1960), The Calculus of Consent (1962), Public Finance in Democratic Process (1966), Demand and Supply of Public Goods (1968), and Cost and Choice (1969).

Buchanan became unhappy at Virginia, despite his and his wife's affection for Charlottesville, over what he considered inadequate administrative support for the Economics Department. When his old mentor at UT, Charles White, wrote him in late 1966 of the prospect of a vacancy in the field of public finance in Knoxville, to be created by White's own retirement at the end of the academic year, Buchanan's interest was piqued. Despite White's strong endorsement, Herman Spivey, UT's academic vice-president, rejected the recommendation on the ground that Buchanan's salary requirements exceeded the University's capabilities; besides, it would be difficult to meet Buchanan's demand for a university-wide professorship. Virginia Polytechnic Institute at Blacksburg, Virginia, could offer what Buchanan sought, and after a visiting professorship at UCLA in 1968-1969, he moved to VPI where he was named University Distinguished Professor and director of a new Center for Study of Public Choice.

For the next fourteen years, a steady stream of books poured from Buchanan's pen expounding public choice theory. Just as economic theory is utilized to predict the behavior of individuals in their economic roles, Buchanan explained, his theory attempted to do the same for individuals in their political roles--as voters, taxpayers, political party members, judges, government regulators, or elected officials. Governments, Buchanan insisted, reflect the actions and choice of politicians just as markets reflect those of consumers. His overriding concern, however, was a form of constitutional government that would permit the orderly flow of private goods and services and protect individual rights of ownership. As a practical matter, Buchanan urged the adoption of a balanced budget by the Federal Government and a constitutional amendment to insure that result. "We must impose a constraint on politicians when it comes to spending," Buchanan explained. These ideas appeared in Democracy in Deficit (1970), Theory of Public Choice (1972), The Limits of Liberty (1975), Freedom in Constitutional Contract (1977), The Power to Tax (1980), and Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society (1980).

In 1983, Buchanan moved, with his research center, to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, and it was here in 1986 that he received word of the award of the Nobel Prize. "I had no premonition this would happen," he exclaimed. "I was shocked." His surprise was shared by some economists who did not consider his theories to be in the mainstream of economic thought. The critics called his views "unsophisticated." Another commented caustically that "to put it bluntly, the Nobel Committee's choice is far more a testimonial to the fashionable popularity of conservative politics in the United States and elsewhere than a tribute to Mr. Buchanan's rather modest achievements."

Buchanan's supporters--who included public officials high up in the Reagan Administration and on the Federal Reserve Board--stressed the novelty of his approach, wedding economics and political science and applying the processes of one to the study of the other. Buchanan himself confessed that he had faced a "lonely and mostly losing battle" in his thirty-year effort to "bring academic economists opinions into line with those of the man in the street." The Nobel Award assured him that his once iconoclastic ideas had won academic respectability and that the principle of public choice analysis had become creditable enough to warrant the highest international recognition.

Dr. Franco Modigliani, the 1985 Nobel Laureate in economics, praised the prize committee for recognizing, through the Buchanan award, the contribution of economics to the other social sciences. And the Swedish chairman of the prize committee explained that "During the last five years, . . . more and more economists have started to realize the profound importance of what he's been doing."

In addition to his Nobel award, Buchanan has been the recipient of the Seidman Award of the American Economic Association (1984) and honorary doctorates from the University of Giessen (1982), the University of Zurich (1984), George Mason University (1987), the University of Valencia (1987), the New University of Lisbon (1987), Ball State University (1988), and the City University of London (1988). He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a past president of the Southern Economic Association and the Western Economic Association. He has a home in Fairfax, Virginia, and a farm near Blacksburg.

Bernadotte E. Schmitt

Bernadotte E. Schmitt was born in Strasburg, Virginia, on May 19, 1886, of an American ancestry that went back to the American Revolution and that had deep roots in the South. Both of his grandfathers served in the Confederate Army. Young Schmitt grew up in Knoxville, where his father, Cooper D. Schmitt, was on the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at UT from 1889 to 1910 and served as dean of the College from 1907 to 1910. Bernadotte attended the Baker-Himel School, one of Knoxville's best private college preparatory institutions, where he graduated as valedictorian, and attended the University of Tennessee, receiving his B.A. degree in 1904 at the age of eighteen. He had studied chemistry in college and expected to go to work in a family-owned drugstore in Woodstock, Virginia, but decided he was not "deft enough" in science.

Selected as a Rhodes Scholar in 1905, Schmitt attended Merton College at Oxford University where he studied modern history and received an Oxonian B.A. in 1908 and an M.A. in 1913. His new scholarly interest was now history, and his focus was modern Germany, a country he had visited in 1906 and found to be completely distasteful because of its militaristic character. "I have never trusted Germany since," he later remarked, "although I have liked individual Germans." Schmitt pursued further graduate study in history at the University of Wisconsin, from which he received a Ph.D. in 1910. There followed a distinguished teaching career, largely at Western Reserve University (1910-1925), and the University of Chicago (1925-1946). When Schmitt retired from Chicago, he held the Andrew MacLeish Distinguished Service Professorship of Modern History. During his career, he also taught as a visiting lecturer at a variety of institutions in the U.S. and abroad, including Columbia University, the University of South Carolina, Washington and Jefferson College, New York University, Cornell, Stanford, Wisconsin, the University of Tennessee, and the Institute for Graduate Studies in Geneva, Switzerland.

Schmitt's first book, England and Germany, 1740-1914 (1916) was published by the Princeton University Press. It set him on the course of his future research into modern German history and led to ten years of work on his next book, The Coming of the War: 1914, which appeared in 1930 in the midst of a growing historiographical debate over the origin of World War I and the countries most responsible for bringing on the catastrophe. Schmitt took his stand squarely on the side which held Germany culpable, much to the satisfaction of Germanophobes like Winston Churchill, who called it a masterly book. Other historians challenged Schmitt, and the controversy produced a large array of contending scholarly monographs.

Neither the debate nor Schmitt's contentious tone prevented the book from receiving the George Louis Beer Prize of the American Historical Association in 1930 and the Pulitzer the next year. During the remainder of his academic career, Schmitt wrote three more books, Triple Alliance and Triple Entente (1934), The Annexation of Bosnia, 1908-1909 (1937), and From Versailles to Munich, 1918-1938 (1938), and co-authored a fourth, Poland (1945). He also edited a volume titled Some Historians of Modern Europe (1942), was editor-in-chief of Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945 (1949-1952), and served as editor of the Journal of Modern History from 1929 to 1946. A collection of his papers, The Fashion and Future of History: Historical Studies and Addresses appeared in 1960.

Many honors and awards came Schmitt's way. He held a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1927, was elected President of the American Historical Association in 1960, and was named to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Honorary doctorates were conferred on him by Pomona College and Western Reserve University in 1941, and Oxford University in 1967. Schmitt served briefly in World War I as a 2nd Lieutenant of Field Artillery, and during World War II, he acted as a special consultant on history in the Department of State's Division of Research and Publications and its Division of Historical Policy Research. In 1945, Schmitt was special advisor to the secretary-general at the San Francisco Conference which launched the United Nations Organization, and from 1949 to 1952, he served as chief of the German War Documents Project. At the University of Chicago, Schmitt was known for the personal interest he took in his students, many of whom called him "Uncle Bernadotte." He reciprocated their affection and in the 1950s and 1960s entertained them at his home.

Bernadotte Schmitt died at his home in Alexandria, Virginia, on March 22, 1969. A Chair of Excellence in his name was established in the UTK History Department in 1988.

Matthew Glenn Smith

Matthew Glenn Smith was born December 9, 1886, in Kenton, Tennessee, where his father was a farmer. He was educated at Kenton Institute and entered UT in 1905, at a time when the entire student body at Knoxville numbered no more than 400. Smith led an active life on the campus and was quickly recognized as a student leader. He was a member of the German Club and the YMCA; he served on the student Senate and as vice president and president of Philomathesian, one of the two literary societies on the campus. He found time for athletics, joined the fencing club in his freshman year, and was a member of both his class basketball team and the varsity team, in the latter case playing alongside Nathan Dougherty, who later became dean of engineering at UT. Smith was elected to the national honor society, Phi Kappa Phi, in 1908 and was editor-in-chief of the student newspaper, the Orange and White in 1908-1909. He also was named a lieutenant in the military cadet corps.

After his graduation in 1909 with a B.A. degree, Smith taught English at Knoxville High School for two years before being named a Rhodes Scholar in 1911. At Oxford University, he was a member of Hertford College, from which he graduated in 1914 with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in jurisprudence. His classmates remembered him as interesting, warmhearted, witty, and puckish. He overcame the reticence of his English classmates by his own conviviality. One who came to know him well recalled that "He was one of the extremely few men who...never swore (beyond a mild epithet), never lost his temper, and never said an unkind word about anyone."

After visiting Fort Worth, Texas, he decided to make his home there and began the practice of law. It was interrupted by World War I. Smith enlisted in the army and, after attending officer candidate school, was commissioned a captain in the coast artillery. He served with his unit in France in 1918, taking part in the engagements at St. Mihiel, Aisne-Marne, and the Argonne, and securing promotion to the rank of major.

Following his discharge in December 1918, Smith returned to Fort Worth and law practice as a member of the firm of Smith, Blow & Culver. From 1921 to 1947, he combined his law practice with service as a part-time referee in the federal bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Texas. When the position became full-time in 1947, he gave up his law practice to remain on the bench. During his career, he handled more than two thousand cases involving sums amounting to more than $1,000,000. He also wrote three articles on the subject of bankruptcy for the Journal of the National Association of Referees in Bankruptcy, collecting them in book form as They Ask the Referee: One Thousand Questions about Bankruptcy (1951).

In Fort Worth, Smith was an active member of local and state bar associations, the American Bar Association, and the National Association of Referees in Bankruptcy. He maintained an interest in athletics all his life. At Oxford he was a member of his college four-oared boat team; in later life he was an avid golfer and fisherman. Professionally, he was regarded by colleagues of the bench and bar as a person of unfailing courtesy and consistent dignity and integrity. Friends admired him for his generosity to individuals who were financially strapped and for his contributions to the local Methodist Church, of which he was a steward for more than twenty-five years. He died at Fort Worth on March 29, 1991.

Arthur Preston Whitaker

Arthur Preston Whitaker was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, on June 6, 1895, the son of an Episcopalian minister and the descendant of southerners who had come to the colonies in 1622. He early acquired a taste for reading that he attributed to the "strain of bookishness" which ran through his family. He also developed a fondness for the tales of heroism and adventure that he discovered in the novels of G. A. Henty. Whitaker prepared for the University of Tennessee at one of Knoxville's best private secondary schools, Baker-Himel, and entered UT in 1911, earning his B. A. degree four years later. On the campus, Whitaker was active in extracurricular activities. He was a member of three fraternities, the tennis team, and the debating squad. His leadership talents were recognized by his peers, who chose him president of Chi Delta, one of the University's two literary societies, editor of the student newspaper, and editor of the yearbook. From UT, Whitaker went to Harvard, where he received an M.A. degree in 1917. That same year, he was named a Rhodes Scholar. World War I and U. S. entry into that conflict in April 1917 prevented Whitaker from taking advantage of the scholarship. Instead he enlisted in the artillery and served in France until 1919.

Following the war's end, Whitaker studied at the Sorbonne in Paris and then took a Ph.D. in history at Harvard (1924), where he studied under Frederick Jackson Turner and Samuel Eliot Morison. After a number of short teaching assignments at UT, Simmons College, New York University, Amherst, Florida State College for Women, Vanderbilt, and Western Reserve University, Whitaker spent six years at Cornell before moving to the University of Pennsylvania in 1936, where he accepted a newly created chair in Latin American history. He retired in 1965 but remained extraordinarily active, serving as a visiting professor at Princeton, Texas, Wisconsin, and Illinois and as a consultant to the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia.

Whitaker's published works are extensive--some twenty books and numerous articles and reviews. They all demonstrate an attention to detail, clarity, and precision, and the infusion of periodic romantic allusions into an otherwise formal literary style resulting in what one reviewer called "a fascinating amalgam analogous to a Puritan mind atop a ruffled shirt." Among the best known of these works are The Spanish-American Frontier, 1783-1795 (1925), The Mississippi Question, 1795-1803 (1934), The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800-1830 (1941), The United States and Argentina (1948), The United States and South America: The Northern Republics (1948), Nationalism in Latin America (1962), and The United States and the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay (1976). The appearance of the last book along with later articles and reviews attested, in the words of one critic, to the perdurability of Whitaker's "highly developed analytical and critical acuity." Several of his books were republished, and his earliest publications were still in print in 1993.

At the University of Pennsylvania, Whitaker developed a rather forbidding reputation because of his insistence on high quality work, both in appearance and content. "Only excellence would do," one of his colleagues reminisced, "anything else was intolerable." Those who did graduate work under him came to respect his high standards. "Working with him," it was said, "was the sort of experience that makes graduate school legend."

Among Whitaker's honors and awards were two Guggenheim fellowships, the Serra Award of the Americas, and election to the American Philosophical Society, the Hispanic Society of America, the Colombian Academy of History, and the Institute of History and Geography of Uruguay. He was also an honorary member of learned societies in Argentina and Chile.

During World War II, Whitaker was a consultant to the State Department on Latin American affairs. He traveled and lectured widely abroad, at the University of Colombia, the University of San Marcos, and the Catholic University in Lima, Peru. A pioneer in the development of the study of Latin American history in the United States, he set a high standard for scholarship in that field. He died January 30, 1979, at his seashore home in Avalon, New Jersey.

William Everett Derryberry

William Everett Derryberry was born in Columbia, Tennessee, on October 11, 1906. Upon graduation from Central High School in Columbia, he entered UT where over the next four years he achieved a perfect 4.0 average and graduated in 1928 with a B.A. degree, summa cum laude. It was the best academic record in the history of the University to that time. (Nancy-Ann Min, UT's next Rhodes Scholar, achieved the same perfect record fifty years later.) As a student, Derryberry engaged in a multiplicity of athletic and social activities. A member of the football team, he earned letters in 1925 and 1927 and played on Coach Robert Neyland s first undefeated squad. He also was a member of the tennis team, played intramural basketball, and was elected president of the sophomore class and president of the Volunteer Honor Society. When, in 1926, the director of the Glee Club had to resign in mid-season, Derryberry was asked to fill in for him.

During his senior year, Derryberry was selected as a Rhodes Scholar, and while at St. John's College, Oxford, studying English literature, he continued to mix athletics and academics in wholesome and successful proportions. He captained the St. John's tennis team, was a member of the university's international championship lacrosse team, and played doubles at Wimbledon, all the time earning an Oxford B.A. in 1932 and an M.A. in 1940.

Upon his return from Oxford, Derryberry joined the faculty of Burritt College in Spencer, Tennessee, as head of the English Department. A year later, in 1933, he became department head at UT Junior College at Martin, Tennessee where he coached the football team at the same time and gave the college its only unbeaten and untied team, in 1936--and in 1938 was appointed to a similar position at Murray State University. In 1940, Derryberry was named president of Tennessee Polytechnic Institute in Cookeville, which in 1965 was redesignated as Tennessee Technological University.

During his thirty-four year tenure at Tennessee Tech, Derryberry presided over the transformation of the institution from a campus of a few acres and a few buildings with seven hundred students and thirty-one faculty members to a university comprising six colleges and schools on 235 acres of property with a student body of close to seven thousand and a faculty of more than 350. Neither the physical expansion of the university nor the growth of its curricular offerings diminished Derryberry's interest in athletics. He became Tech's number one fan, never missing a home football game, helped organize the Ohio Valley Conference, and promoted the development of athletics by providing the students with excellent sports facilities. The teams showed their appreciation by winning twenty-one conference championships during his administration.

Derryberry was honored by doctorates from the University of Chattanooga in 1965 and Pepperdine University in 1967, election as president of the Tennessee College Association and of the UT Alumni Association, membership in Phi Delta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, and Pi Kappa Delta, and in 1975, with the National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame's "Distinguished American Award." Upon his retirement in 1974, Derryberry was hailed by Arliss Roaden, his successor, as "a giant in Tennessee higher education." Wallace Prescott, Tech's dean of faculties, who had been a student of Derryberry's, praised him as "a great and good man." Derryberry and his wife, Joan, continued to reside in Cookeville after his retirement. He died on October 26, 1991.

Nancy-Ann Elizabeth Min

Nancy-Ann Elizabeth Min was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on December 17, 1956. She was reared in Rockwood, Tennessee, graduated from Rockwood High School, and entered UT, Knoxville, in 1974. Both her scholastic and extracurricular careers on the campus were spectacular. As a College Scholar with a major in history, she undertook a research project on the incarceration of Japanese-Americans during World War II which resulted in an honors thesis titled "Uncle Sam, Hirohito, and Resegregation: The Tule Lake Segregation Center, 1943-1946." Her course work earned her a perfect 4.0 average, a B.A. degree with highest honors, election to Phi Beta Kappa, and selection as a Phi Kappa Phi scholar, but she had time, energy, and interest enough to lead an extraordinarily active social life. She was elected president of the Student Government Association, the first woman to hold that office, and by virtue of that position sat on the Board of Governors of the UT National Alumni Association. She served on the Undergraduate Academic Council, the Student Affairs Committee of the Board of Trustees, and the Faculty Senate Executive Committee.

For her achievements, Min received an array of awards. She was named a Torchbearer, Omicron Delta Kappa's "Leader of the Year," and one of Glamour magazine's top ten college women for 1978. The chancellor of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, gave her two citations--one for "extraordinary academic achievement" and another for "extraordinary campus leadership and service."

Following graduation, Min entered Harvard Law School and while in her first year, she was selected as a Rhodes Scholar. At Balliol College, she studied philosophy, politics, and economics and earned an Oxford B.A. in 1981 and an M.A. in 1986. Returning to Cambridge, she completed her law studies and was awarded the J.D. degree in 1983. While at Harvard she served as executive editor of the Harvard Civil Rights--Civil Liberties Law Review. Following graduation, she worked for a year as law clerk to Judge Gilbert E. Merritt of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and then joined the Nashville law firm of Bass, Berry, and Sims. She left them temporarily in 1987 to spend two years in the cabinet of Governor Ned McWherter as Commissioner for Human Services but returned to her law practice in late 1989. In September 1991 she moved to Washington D.C. to join the prestigious law firm of Covington & Burling. Two years later, she became associate director of the Office of Management and Budget in President Bill Clinton's administration.

Min has taught at Vanderbilt Law School and has published an article on national security policy making in the George Washington Law Review. Describing herself as a "perfectionist to a fault," her advice to students just beginning their college careers is to "be themselves." In Min's case, being herself has meant aspiring to positions once dominated by men and challenging herself to achieve her own potential.

Jennifer Santoro

Jennfier Santoro was born in Virginia on December 23, 1972, the daughter of a serviceman who spent time in Germany, where Jennifer attended elementary and middle school. The family returned to Fort Campbell in Clarksville, Tennessee, where Jennifer attended and graduated from Northeast High School. She entered the University of Tennessee in 1990 as a recipient of a prestigious Whittle scholarship, which included support for a year's study abroad. During the next three years, she led an active campus life, completing the requirements for the bachelor's degree in that period and also managing to serve in a variety of extracurricular positions, including chair of the Student Conduct Board, vice chair of the Undergraduate Academic Council, and assistant student director of the Campus Chest Campaign. She also found time for outside employment as a travel agent at home in Pennsylvania, where her parents now resided, as a records clerk in the Norristown, Pennsylvania, courthouse, and as a legislative intern for Tennessee's U.S. Senator Harlan Mathews.

In 1993, to fulfill her obligation as a Whittle Scholar to spend a year abroad, Jennifer attended the London School of Economics, where she pursued graduate work in international economics. She wrote a thesis, "The Marhsall Plan and American Capital Investment: Mutually Dependent Factors in the Evolution of European Integration," for which she was awarded a Master of Science degree, "with distinction."

Upon her return to the University of Tennessee in the fall of 1994, Jennifer resumed her undergraduate studies, and it was here in December 1994 that she learned of her selection as one of the thirty-two American Rhodes Scholars selected for 1995. She graduated in May 1995 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, in political science, following which she left for Oxford to take up her Rhodes assignment. She plans to secure a doctorate in politics and international relations. As for future career plans, she seems to have well-formed goals. "I look forward to maybe one day working with some organization like the International Monetary Fund or GATT on issues of trade and economic development in Eastern Europe." "I have a lot of energy and ideas," she admits. "Maybe I can use them to help people who haven't had as many doors open to them as I have."