Anthropology 110 Section #1 Study Guide
 
  ANTHROPOLOGY 110  -  HUMAN ORIGINS - SPRING 1999
 Important Terms, Names, Concepts and Processes:
 Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
 FOR EXAM #1

Terms & Names                                                                 Concepts & Processes
Anthropology                                                                          Mitosis
   Cultural                                                                                Meiosis
   Linguistics                                                                          DNA replication
   Archaeology                                                                         protein synthesis
   Biological                                                                            transcription
Primatology                                                                             translation
Paleoanthropology                                                                   redundancy
Human Adaptation & Variation                                               20 amino acids
Cells                                                                                        64 possible codons
   Somatic (body)                                                                     recombination
diploid                                                                                    crossing-over
   Gametes (sex)                                                                       random assortment
     haploid                                                                             Blending inheritance
   cytoplasm                                                                           Mendelian inheritance
   mitochondria                                                                      Law of Segregation
   ribosomes                                                                          Law of Independent Assortment
   nucleus                                                                                Evolution
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)                                               gene/allele frequency
   organic bases (A, T, C, G)                                                 Mutation
   nucleotide                                                                               mutagen
   codon                                                                                     point mutations
protein                                                                                       frame-shifts
polypeptide chain                                                                           additions & deletions
amino acid                                                                                substitutions
RNA (ribonucleic acid)                                                           chromosomal mutations
   messenger RNA (mRNA)                                                   Genetic drift
   transfer RNA (tRNA)                                                               founder effect
gene/allele                                                                            Gene Flow
chromosome                                                                               admixture
   homologous pair                                                                       migration
   autosomes                                                                          Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
   sex chromosomes                                                                       p+q=1
   locus                                                                                         p2+2pq+q2=1
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)                                                Great Chain of Being
phenotype/genotype                                                              Immutability of Species
homozygote/heterozygote                                                      Binomial Nomenclature (Linnaeus)
dominant/recessive                                                                Inheritance of Acquired
    codominant                                                                            Characteristics (Lamarck)
 Punnett square                                                                     Uniformitarianism (Lyell)
ABO blood types                                                                   Natural Selection
   antigen                                                                                    (Darwin & Wallace)
   antibody                                                                             Industrial Melanism
   Universal Donor                                                                Adaptation
   Universal Recipient                                                           Fitness
Neoplatonics (500 A.D.)                                                      Sickle Cell Anemia & Malaria
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)                                             heterozygote advantage
   "Father of Taxonomy"                                                        balanced polymorphism
   Systema Naturae                                                                Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility
Buffon (1707-1788)                                                              Heterozygote disadvantage
Jean Lamarck (1744-1829)                                                   Rh blood group system
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)                                                Selection on complex traits
   "Father of Paleontology"                                                          stabilizing selection
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)                                                         directional selection
   Principles of Geology                                                              disruptive selection
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)                                               Speciation
   Essay on Population                                                                   reproductive isolating
Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)                                                             mechanism (RIM)
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)                                                       allopatric speciation
   Galapagos islands                                                                      sympatric speciation
   On the Origin of Species                                                   cladogenesis
Ernst Mayr (born 1904)                                                        adaptive radiation
   Biological Species Concept                                              anagenesis
Extinct Species                                                                     Convergent evolution
   paleospecies                                                                      Parallel evolution
   chronospecies                                                                    homology/analogy
Microevolution                                                                     Phyletic gradualism
Macroevolution                                                                    Darwinian evolution
                                                                                             Punctuated equilibrium
 

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