Political Science 530

POLS 530 Seminar in American Politics and Government (79291)
Time    1:25-4:25 Tuesday
Room    HSS 68
Instructor    Anthony Nownes
Office Hours    11:10-1:10 M, 12:15-1:15 F 1008A McClung Tower
Telephone:    974-7052
Email:    Anownes@utk.edu

Course Description
    This is the core seminar in the field of American politics. It is designed to introduce students to the field of American politics. Of course, neither this course nor any other can represent this vast and rich field of study. Nonetheless, the coverage of the literature is sufficiently broad to give students an introduction to the major empirical and theoretical approaches to the study of American politics.

You will be expected to complete a large number of readings. As you will see, the readings reflect a wide variety of theoretical approaches, research designs, and methodologies. I hope that by the end of this course you will be able to assess the usefulness of many different approaches to the study of American politics.

    We begin with a look at the nation’s founding-especially the controversies surrounding the ratification of the Constitution. Next, we take a brief look at how the system created by the founders has evolved over time, paying special attention to how theorists and scholars have conceptualized this evolution. From here, we turn to the institutions of American government. As you will see, some of the best and most influential work in all of political science has focused upon the institutions of American government. We conclude with an examination of American political behavior.

Course Requirements
   10% Weekly Memos. Weekly one (1) page memorandums are required. Each memorandum will summarize an important theme in the week’s readings and will propose a question or topic to be examined in class discussion. These one-page memorandums are due one full day before class.
   30% Attendance and Participation. Attendance is mandatory. It is crucial that you come to each class prepared to discuss the assigned material. You will be expected to show up ready to discuss the week’s readings. Each student will lead at least one seminar discussion.
   60% Big Paper. You have two options for the big paper. 1). The “Researcher” Option. You will submit an original research paper. The paper will be between 20-50 pages long, and will report the results of original research. 2). The Term Paper Option. You will submit two (2) term papers. Each term paper will be 10-15 pages long and will trace the impact of one of the field’s classic articles or books. Articles or books marked with an * are considered classics. You may choose another article or book with my permission. Each term paper will take a close look at the classic work, paying special attention to its theme, theoretical foundation, research design, methodology, and conclusion. Each paper will also trace the impact of the classic work by examining the work that followed it.

Texts
I have asked the bookstore to stock copies of the following texts:
Gary C. Jacobson, The Politics of Congressional Elections, 5th ed. (New York: Addison-Wesley/Longman, 2001).
Richard G. Niemi and Herbert F. Weisberg, eds., Controversies in Voting Behavior (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001).
Walter J. Oleszek, Congressional Procedures and the Policy Process, 5th ed. (Washington, DC; Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001).
Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1965)
Kenneth A. Shepsle and Mark S. Bonchek, Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behaviors, and Institutions (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997).
Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton (Cambridge, MA: Belknap/Harvard, 1997).

Schedule

Theme: Ideas, Principles, and Foundations

Week 1, 8/28 Introduction

Week 2, 9/4 The Constitution
1. *Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, The Federalist Papers (New York: The Modern Library, 1937 [1787-88]); #9, 10, 23, 37, 49, 51, 70, 78.
2. *Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (New York: The Free Press, 1966 [1913]), Excerpts.
3. “Reasons of Dissent,” and “Letter of an Officer of the Late Continental Army,” In John D. Lewis, ed., Anti-Federalists versus Federalists (Scranton, PA: Chandler Publishing Company, 1967).
4. Calvin Jillson, “Constitution-making: Alignment and Realignment in the Federal Convention of 1787,” American Political Science Review 75 (September 1981): 598-612.
5. James Wilson, Interests and Deliberation in the American Republic,” PS 23 (December 1990): 558-562.

For Further Consideration:
*Robert A. Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956).
James L. Sundquist, Constitutional Reform and Effective Government (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1986).
Robert A. McGuire, “Constitution Making: A Rational Choice Model of the Federal Convention of 1787,” American Journal of Political Science 32 (May 1988): 483-522.
William Riker, The Strategy of Rhetoric (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996).
Barry Weingast, “The Political Foundations of Democracy and Rule of Law.” American Political Science Review 91 (March 1997): 245-263.

Week 3, 9/11 American Political Thought, Part 1: Pluralism, Elitism, and Interest Group Liberalism
6. *David B. Truman, The Governmental Process (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1951), Chapters 2,3 and 16.
7. *C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (New York: Oxford University Press, 1956), Chapter 1.
8. *E.E. Schattschneider, The Semi-Sovereign People (Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press, 1975 [1960]), Chapter 2.
9. Robert Dahl, Who Governs (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1961), ch. 28.
10. Jack L. Walker, “A Critique of the Elitist Theory of Democracy,” American Political Science Review 60 (March 1966): 285-295.
11. *Theodore Lowi, “The Public Philosophy: Interest Group Liberalism,” American Political Science Review 61 (March, 1967), pp. 5-24.
12. *John Gaventa, Power and Powerlessness (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1980), Chapters 1 and 2.

For Further Consideration:
*Robert Dahl, Who Governs? (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1961), Chapters 1,7,12, and 28.
Bachrach, Peter, and Morton Baratz. 1962. "The Two Faces of Power," American Political Science Review 56 (December, 1962), pp. 947-952.
*Robert A. Dahl, “Further Reflections on ‘The Elitist Theory of Democracy,’” American Political Science Review 60 (1966): 296-305.
Peter Bachrach, A Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little Brown, 1967)
*Robert A. Dahl, Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
*Murray J. Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics, 2nd edition (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1985).

Week 4, 9/18 American Political Thought, Part 2: Approaches and Issues
Kenneth A. Shepsle and Mark S. Bonchek, Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behaviors, and Institutions, chs. 1-7.
For Further Consideration:
*Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1957), Chs. 1-4.
*Robert Lane, Political Life (Glencoe: Free Press, 1959).
*Charles E. Lindblom, Politics and Markets (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Norman Frolich and Joe A. Oppenheimer, Modern Political Economy (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978).
James M. Enelow and Melvin J. Hinich, The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
*James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, “The New Institutionalism and Organized Factors in American Life,” American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984): 734-749.
*Herbert Simon, “Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science,” American Political Science Review 79 (January 1985): 293-304.
William H. Riker, Liberalism against Populism: A Confrontation between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1988).
Gabriel Almond, “The Return to the State,” American Political Science Review 82 (September 1988): 853-874.
Daniel Bell, “American Exceptionalism Revisited: The Role of a Civil Society,” The Public Interest 95 (1989): 38-56.
Kenneth Shepsle, “Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 1 (1989): 131-147.
Paul Sniderman, Richard Brody, and Phil Tetlock, Reasoning and Choice (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
Sue Thomas, “The Impact of Women on State Legislative Policies,” Journal of Politics 53 (November 1991): 958-976.
Donald Green and Ian Shapiro, Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994).
Symposium on Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady’s Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics,” American Political Science Review 91 (June 1997): 421-430.
Laura R. Winsky Mattei, “Gender and Power in American Legislative Discourse,” Journal of Politics 60 (May 1998): 440-61.
Karen M. Kaufmann and John R. Petrocik, “The Changing Politics of American Men: Understanding the Sources of the Gender Gap,” American Journal of Political Science 43 (July 1999): 864-997.

Theme: The Institutions of American Government

Week 5, 9/25 Congress
Walter J. Oleszek, Congressional Procedures and the Policy Process, 5th ed. (Washington, DC; Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001).
For Further consideration:
*Nelson W. Polsby, “The Institutionalization of the House of Representatives,” American Political Science Review 62 (March 1968): 144-168.
*Richard F. Fenno, Jr. Congressmen in Committees (Boston: Little Brown, 1973)
*David R. Mayhew, Congress: The Electoral Connection (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974).
*Richard F. Fenno, Jr. Home Style: House Members in their Districts (Boston: Little Brown, 1978)
*Keith Krehbiel and Douglas Rivers, “The Analysis of Committee Power: An Application to Senate Voting on the Minimum Wage,” American Journal of Political Science 32 (December 1988): 1151-1174.
Steven S. Smith, Call to Order: Floor Politics in the House and Senate (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1989).
*Morris P. Fiorina, Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).
R. Douglas Arnold, The Logic of Congressional Action (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
John Wilkerson, “Analyzing Committee Power: A Critique,” American Journal of Political Science (August 1991): 613-623.
Gary W. Cox and Matthew D. McCubbins, Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
Kenneth Shepsle and Barry Weingast, “Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 19 (1994): 149-179.
Richard L. Hall, Participation in Congress (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996).
Roger H. Davidson and Walter J. Oleszek, Congress and Its Members, 7th edition (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2000).

Week 6, 10/2 The President
Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton (Cambridge, MA: Belknap/Harvard, 1997).
For Further Consideration:
*John E. Mueller, “Presidential Popularity from Truman from Johnson,” American Political Science Review 64 (March 1970): 18-34.
*James David Barber, The Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in the White House (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1977).
Theodore J. Lowi, The Personal Presidency: Power Invested, Power Unfulfilled (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).
*Richard Rose, The Postmodern President: George Bush Meets the World (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1991).
Terry Sullivan, “The Bank Account Presidency: A New Measure and Evidence on the Temporal Path of Influence,” American Journal of Political Science 35 (August 1991): 963-975.
*Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton (Cambridge, Mass: Belknap/Harvard, 1995).
David E. Lewis and James Michael Stine, “What Time is It? The Use of Power in Four Different Types of Presidential Time,” Journal of Politics 58 (August 1996): 682-706.
*Samuel Kernell, Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership, 3rd edition (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1997).
Tim Groeling and Samuel Kernell, “Is Network News Coverage of the President Biased,” Journal of Politics 60 (November 1998): 1063-1087.
Kenneth R. Mayer, “Executive Orders and the Presidential Power,” Journal of Politics 61 (May 1999): 445-466.

Week 7, 10/9 The Bureaucracy
13. *George J. Stigler, “The Theory of Economic Regulation,” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science (Spring 1971), pp. 3-21.
14. *Matthew D. McCubbins and Thomas Schwartz, “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms,” American Journal of Political Science 28 (February 1984), pp. 165-179.
15. B. Dan Wood and Richard A. Waterman, “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy,” American Political Science Review 85 (September 1991): 801-828.
16. John T. Scholz, and B. Dan Wood, "Efficiency, Equity, and Politics: Democratic Controls Over the Tax Collector," American Journal of Political Science 43 (October, 1999): 1166-1188.
17. John D. Huber, Charles R. Shipan, and Madelaine Pfahler, "Legislatures and Statutory Control of Bureaucracy," American Journal of Political Science 45 (April 2001): 330-345.
For Further Consideration:
*Charles Lindblom, “The Science of Muddling Through,” Public Administration Review 19 (Spring 1959): 79-88.
*Hugh Heclo, A Government of Strangers (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1977).
R. Douglas Arnold, Congress and the Bureaucracy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979).
Terry M. Moe, “Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB,” American Political Science Review 85 (December 1985): 1094-1116.
John T. Scholz, Jim Twombly, and Barbara Headrick, “Street-Level Controls Over Federal Bureaucracy,” American Political Science Review 79 (September 1991): 829-850.
Joel D. Aberbach and Bert A. Rockman, “The Political Views of U.S. Senior Federal Executives, 1970-1992,” Journal of Politics 57 (August 1995): 838-852.
William T. Gormley, Jr., “Regulatory Enforcement Styles,” Political Research Quarterly 51 (June 1998): 363-383.
John T. Schloz and B. Dan Wood, “Controlling the IRS: Principals, Principles, and Public Administration,” American Journal of Political Science 42 (January 1998): 141-162.

Week 8, 10/16 10/23 The Judiciary
18. *Alexander Hamilton, “Federalist #78,” in The Federalist Papers.
19. *T. George and Lee Epstein, “On the Nature of Supreme Court Decision-Making,” American Political Science Review 86 (June 1992): 323-337.
20. William Mishler and Reginald S. Sheehan, “The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution: The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decisions,” American Political Science Review 87 (March 1993): 87-101.
21. Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth, “The Influence of Stare Decisis on the Votes of United States Supreme Court Justices,” American Journal of Political Science 40 (November 1996): 971-1003.
22. Richard A. Brisbin, Jr., “Slaying the Dragon: Segal, Spaeth, and the Function of Law in Supreme Court Decision-Making,” American Journal of Political Science 40 (November 1996): 1004-1017.
23. Roy B. Flemming and B. Dan Wood, "The Public and the Supreme Court: Individual Justice Responsiveness to American Policy Moods," American Journal of Political Science 41 (April 1997): 468-498.
24. Lee Epstein, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Harold J. Spaeth, "The Norm of Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court," American Journal of Political Science 45 (April 2001): 362-377.
For Further consideration:
*Robert Dahl, “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy Maker,” Journal of Public Law 6 (1957): 279-295.
*Glendon Schubert, The Judicial Mind: The Attitudes and Ideologies of Supreme Court Justices, 1946-1963 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1965).
Robert Bork, The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990).
Gerald N. Rosenberg, The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
*Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J Spaeth, Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
Lee Epstein and Jack Knight, The Choices Justices Make (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1997).
Harold Spaeth and Jeffrey Segal, Majority Rule or Minority Will: Adherence to Precedence on the U.S. Supreme Court (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Cass Sunstein, One Case at a Time: Judicial Munimalism on the Supreme Court (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999)

Week 9, 10/30 Political Parties
25. *V.O. Key, “Secular Realignment and the Party System,” Journal of Politics 17 (March 1959): 98-210.
26. *Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), Chapters 2 and 8.
27. Daniel Shea, “The Passing of Realignment and the Advent of the ‘Base-less’ Party System,” American Politics Quarterly 27 (January 1999): 33-57.
28. John Aldrich, “Political Parties in a Critical Era,” American Politics Quarterly 27 (January 1999): 9-32.
29. James M. Snyder, Jr., and Tim Groseclose, "Estimating Party Influence in Congressional Roll-Call Voting," American Journal of Political Science 44 (April 2000): 193-211.
30. Paul R. Abramson, John H. Aldrich, Philip Paolino, and David W. Rohde, "Challenges to the American Two-Party System: Evidence from the 1968, 1980, 1992, and 1999 Presidential Elections," Political Research Quarterly 53 (September 2000): 495-522.
For Further Consideration:
Samuel Huntington, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony (Cambridge, Mass: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 1981.
*Joseph A. Schlesinger, “On the Theory of Party Organization,” Journal of Politics 46 (May 1984): 369-400.
*Joseph A. Schlesinger, “The New American Political Party,” American Political Science Review 79 (December 1985): 1152-1169.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Cycles of American History (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986).
Peter Nardulli, “The Concept of a Critical Realignment, Electoral Behavior, and Political Change,” American Political Science Review 89 (March 1995): 10-22.
*John Aldrich, Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Party Politics in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
John J. Coleman, Party Decline in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996).
Paul Allen Beck, Russell J. Dalton, Audrey Haynes, and Robert Huckfeldt, “Presidential Campaigning at the Grassroots,” Journal of Politics 59 (November 1997): 1264-1275.
Vincent G. Moscardelli, Moshe Haspel, and Richard S. Wike, “Party Building through Campaign Finance Reform: Conditional Party Government in the 104th Congress,” Journal of Politics 60 (August 1998): 691-704.
Martin P. Wattenberg, The Decline of American Political Parties, 1952-1996 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).
Donald Green, Bradley Palmquist, and Eric Schickler, “Macropartisanship: A Replication and Critique,” American Political Science Review 92 (December 1999): 883-899.

Week 10, 11/6 Interest Groups
*Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action.
31. *Robert H. Salisbury, “An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups,” Midwest Journal of Political Science 13 (February 1969), pp. 1-32.
32. *Jack L. Walker, “The Origins and Maintenance of Interest Groups in America,” American Political Science Review 77 (June 1983): 390-405.
33. Robert H. Salisbury, “Interest Representation: The Dominance of Institutions,” American Political Science Review 78 (March 1984), pp. 64-70.
34. *William P. Browne, “Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches,” Journal of Politics 52 (May 1990), pp. 477-509.
35. John R. Wright, "Interest Groups, Congressional Reform, and Party Government in the United States," Legislative Studies Quarterly 25 (May 2000): 217-235.
For Further Consideration:
*Francis F. Piven and Richard A. Cloward, Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed and How They Fail (New York: Pantheon, 1977).
Hugh Heclo, “Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment,” In Anthony King, ed., The New American Political System (Washington, DC: The American Enterprise Institute, 1978), Chapter 3.
*Terry Moe, "A Calculus of Group Membership,” American Journal of Political Science 24 (August 1980): 593-632.
*John Mark Hansen, "The Political Economy of Group Membership," American Political Science Review 79 (March 1985): 79-96.
Art Denzau and Michael Munger, "Legislators and Interest Groups: How Unorganized Interests Get Represented." American Political Science Review 80 (March 1986): 89-106.
Jeffrey M. Berry, “Subgovernments, Issue Networks, and Political Conflict,” In Anthony King, ed., The New American Political System, Second Edition (Washington, DC: The American Enterprise Institute, 1989), Chapter 9.
Andrew McFarland, “Interest Groups and the Policy-Making Process: Sources of Countervailing Power in America,” in Mark Petracca, editor, The Politics of Interests (Boulder, CO.: Westview Press, 1989), pp. 58-79.
Richard Harris, "Politicized Management: The Changing Face of Business in American Politics,” in Sidney Milkus, ed. Remaking American Politics (Boulder, CO.: Westview Press, 1989), pp. 261-288.
William P. Browne and Won K. Paik, “Beyond the Domain: Recasting Network Politics in the Postreform Congress,” American Journal of Political Science 37 (November 1993), pp. 1054-1078.
Will Moore, “Rational Rebels: Overcoming the ‘Free-rider’ Problem,” Political Research Quarterly 48 (1995): 417-454.
Jan Leighley, “Attitudes, Opportunities and Incentives: A Field Essay on Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 48 (1995): 181-209.
Frank R. Baumgartner and Beth L. Leech, Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and in Political Science (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998).
Elizabeth Gerber, The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999)

Theme: Political Behavior

Week 11, 11/13 Voting, Part 1: The Classics
36. *Philip E. Converse, “The Stability of Belief Elements over Time,” In Richard Niemi and Herbert F. Weisberg, eds. Classics in Voting Behavior (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1993), Chapter 5.
37. *Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, Donald E. Stokes, The American Voter (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1960) Chapters 1-5.
38. *Herbert McCloskey, Paul J. Hoffman, and Rosemary O’Hara, “Issue Conflict and Consensus Among Party Leaders and Followers,” American Political Science Review 54 (June 1960), pp. 406-427.
39. *Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), Chapters 3, 11, 12, and 14.
40. *William H. Riker and Peter C. Ordeshook, “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting,” American Political Science Review 62 (March 1968), pp. 25-42.
For Further Consideration:
*Bernard R. Berelson, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee, Voting (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954).
Herbert Hyman, Political Socialization (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1959).
V.O. Key, The Responsible Electorate (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966).
Robert Lane, Political Thinking and Consciousness (Glencoe, IL: Markham, 1969).
Sidney Verba and Norman Nie, Participation in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).

Week 12, 11/20 Voting, Part 2: Refinements
Richard G. Niemi and Herbert F. Weisberg, eds., Controversies in Voting Behavior, chs. 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14.
For Further Consideration:
*George E. Bishop and Robert W. Oldendick, “Change in the Structure of American Political Attitudes: The Nagging Question of Question Wording,” American Journal of Political Science 22 (May 1978): 250-269.
*John J. Sullivan, James E. Piereson, and George E. Marcus, “Ideological Constraint in the Mass Public: A Methodological Critique,” American Journal of Political Science (May 1978) pp. 233-249.
*G. Bingham Powell, Jr., “Voting Turnout in Thirty Democracies: Partisan, Legal, and Socio-Economic Influences,” In Richard Rose, ed., Electoral Participation: A Comparative Analysis (London: Sage Ltd, 1980).
*Robert Jackman, “Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in Industrial Democracies,” American Political Science Review 81 (June 1987): 405-424.
*Eric R.A.N. Smith, The Unchanging American Voter (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
Warren E. Miller, “Party Identification, Realignment and Party Voting: Back to the Future,” American Political Science Review 85 (June 1991): 557-568.
Samuel L. Popkin, The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
*Ruy Teixera, The Disappearing American Voter (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1992).
John H. Aldrich, “Rational Choice and Turnout,” American Journal of Political Science (February 1993), pp. 246-278.
William G. Jacoby, “The Structure of Ideological Thinking in the American Electorate,” American Journal of Political Science (May 1995): 314-335.
Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady, “Participation’s Not a Paradox: The View from American Activists,” British Journal of Political Science 25 (1995), pp. 1-36.
R. Robert Huckfeldt and John Sprague, Citizens, Politics, and Social Communication: Information and Influence in an Election Campaign (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
*Warren E. Miller and J. Merrill Shanks, The New American Voter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
David O. Sears and Nicholas A. Valentino, “Politics Matters: Political Events as Catalysts for Preadult Socialization,” American Political Science Review 91 (March 1997): 45-65.
Alan I. Abramowitz and Kyle L. Saunders, “Ideological Realignment in the U.S. Electorate,” Journal of Politics 60 (November 1998): 634-652.
Benjamin Highton and Raymond E. Wolfinger, “Estimating the Effects of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993,” Political Behavior 20 (1998), pp. 79-104.
Satoshi Kanazawa, “A Possible Solution to the Paradox of Voter Turnout,” Journal of Politics 60 (November 1998): 974-995.

Week 13, 11/27 Campaigns and Elections
41. *V.O. Key, “A Theory of Critical Elections,” Journal of Politics 17 (February 1955): 3-18.
42. Larry M. Barterls, "Partisanship and Voting Behavior," American Journal of Political Science 44 (January 2000): 35-50.
Richard G. Niemi and Herbert F. Weisberg, eds., Controversies in Voting Behavior, chs. 21, 22, 23.
Gary C. Jacobson, The Politics of Congressional Elections.
For Further Consideration:
*Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes, “Constituency Influence in Congress,” American Political Science Review 62 (March 1963): 45-56.
*Walter Dean Burnham. 1970. Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics. New York: Norton.
Morris P. Fiorina, “Some Problems in Studying the Effects of Resource Allocation in Congressional Elections,” American Journal of Political Science 25 (August 1981), pp. 543-567.
*John R. Johannes and John C. McAdams, “The Congressional Incumbency Effect: Is it Casework, Policy Compatibility, or Something Else? An Examination of the 1978 Election,” American Journal of Political Science (August 1981), pp. 512-540.
*Gary C. Jacobson, “Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections,” American Political Science Review 83 (September 1989): 773-793.
*Gary C. Jacobson, “The Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections: New Evidence for Old Arguments,” American Journal of Political Science 34 (May 1990), pp. 334-362.
Donald Philip Green and Jonathan S. Krasno, “Rebuttal to Jacobson’s ‘New Evidence for Old Arguments,” American Journal of Political Science 34 (May 1990), pp. 363-372.
Steven J. Rosenstone and John Mark Hansen, Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America (New York: MacMillan, 1993). Thomas M. Holbrook, Do Campaigns Matter? (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996).
Patrick J. Sellers, “Strategy and Background in Congressional Campaigns,” American Political Science Review 92 (March 1998): 159-171.
John Aldrich, “Political Parties in a Critical Era,” American Politics Quarterly 27 (January 1999): 9-32.
James McCann, Ronald B. Rapoport, Walter J. Stone, “Heeding the Call: An Assessment of Mobilization into H. Ross Perot’s 1992 Presidential Campaign,” American Journal of Political Science 43 (January 1999): 1-28.
Daron R. Shaw, “A Study of Presidential Campaign Effects,” Journal of Politics 61 (May 1999): 387-422.
Richard R. Lau, Lee Sigelman, Caroline Heldman, and Paul Babbitt, "The Effects of Negative Political Advertisements: A Metaanalytic Assessment," American Political Science Review 93 (December 1999): 851-876.

Week 14, Wednesday, 12/4 The Media
43. *Lutz Ebring, Edie N. Goldenberg, and Arthur H. Miller, “Front-Page News and Real-World Cues: A New Look at Agenda-Setting by the Media,” American Journal of Political Science 24 (February 1980), pp. 16-49.
44. *Shanto Iyengar, Mark D. Peters, and Donald R. Kinder, “Experimental Demonstrations of the ‘Not-So-Minimal’ Consequences of Television News Programs,” American Political Science Review 76 (December 1982): 848-858.
45. Daron R. Shaw, “The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Votes, 1988-1996,” American Political Science Review 93 (June 1999): 345-361.
46. Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr., and Shanto Iyengar, "Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public," American Journal of Political Science 44 (July 2000): 560-573.
For Further Consideration:
*Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar, Adam Simon, and Nicholas Valentino, “Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate?” American Political Science Review 88 (December 1994): 829-838.
Stephen Ansolabehere, Roy Behr, and Shanto Iyengar, The Media Game: American Politics in the Television Age (New York: MacMillan, 1993).
Craig Leonard Brians and Martin P. Wattenberg, “Campaign Issue Knowledge and Salience: Comparing Reception from TV Commercials, TV News, and Newspapers,” American Journal of Political Science 40 (February 1996), pp. 172-193.
Darrell M. West, Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns, 1952-1996 (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1997).
Thomas Dye, Harmon Zeigler, S. Robert Lichter, American Politics in the Media Age (New York: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1997).
Robert K. Goidel, Todd G. Shields, and Mark Peffley, “Priming Theory and RAS Models,” American Politics Quarterly 25 (July 1997), pp. 287-318.
Kenneth Dautrich and Thomas H. Hartley, How the News Media Fail American Voters: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999).

Week 15, , Wednesday, 12/6 The Controversy Over Social Capital
47. John Brehm and Wendy Rahn, “Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital,” American Journal of Political Science 41 (July 1997): 999-1023.
48. Theda Skocpol, Marshall Ganz, and Ziad Munson, "A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the United States," American Political Science Review 94 (September, 2000): 527-546.
49. William Lyons and Robert Alexander, "A Tale of Two Electorates: Generational Replacement and the Decline of Voting in Presidential Elections," Journal of Politics 62 (November, 2000): 1014-1034.
Richard G. Niemi and Herbert F. Weisberg, eds., Controversies in Voting Behavior, chs. 2, 3, 4.
For Further Consideration:
James Coleman. 1988. "Social Capital and the Creation of Human Capital," American Journal of Sociology 94 (Supplement): S95-S120.
Robert Putnam. 2000. Bowling Alone: Civic Disengagement in America (New York: Simon and Schuster).
Theda Skocpol. 1996. "The Tocqueville Problem: Civic Engagement in American Democracy," Social Science History 21 (4): 455-479.
Gabriel A. Almond, and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Steven Schier. 2000. By Invitation Only: The Rise of Exclusive Politics in the United States. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press).
Robert Wuthnow. 1994. Sharing the Journey: Joining Together in America's Fragmented Communities. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Kevin Phillips. 1994. Arrogant Capital: Washington, Wall Street, and the Frustration of American Politics. (New York: Little-Brown).
Mark Schneider, Paul Teske, Melissa Marschall, and Christine Roch, “Institutional Arrangements and the Creation of Social Capital: The Effects of Public School Choice,” American Political Science Review 91 (March 1997): 82-93.
Theda Skocpol and Morris Fiorina, eds. Civic Engagement in American Politics (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999).