Fruit Pest News

Volume 3, No. 24    September 30, 2002

An online newsletter whose goal is to update Extension agents and growers of commercial tree fruit and small fruit crops

on diseases and insects in Tennessee.

This is the last issue of Fruit Pest News for 2002.  The next issue will be posted at this web site in early March, 2003.

The focus of this issue of Fruit Pest News is a subject index for all issues to date for this year.  This index will allow you to review a topic, and there should be new readers (hopefully) who might wish to read certain topics that they missed. The opening page of the Fruit Pest News web site contains a list of all of the issues. You can connect to the issue of interest there.

We want to take this opportunity to thank you for your readership. Please help us spread the word to other interested readers. This newsletter is for you, so please let us know how we can improve it to serve you better. Suggestions for topics to address are very welcome. The greatest need I see is for more scouting reports from across the state. We're grateful for the insect trap counts that some of you have been sending us. We would like to hear when you see a disease or insect for the first time for the year, or if you are experiencing a severe outbreak. The weekly format of this newsletter is designed for reporting such time-sensitive news. Try to phone or e-mail us your news. Of course, all reports are kept anonymous (unless you want us to use your name!). (SB)

In This Issue:

 

    1. Subject Index for 2002

    2. Pumpkins: Bacterial Spot

 1. Fruit Pest News Index, 3/11/02 through 9/30/02

Crop

Subject

Issue Date

Apple

Alternaria leaf blotch, description and control

6/17

 

Apogee growth regulator

5/6

 

Assail insecticide registration

6/3

 

bitter rot, description and control

7/15, 8/19

 

black rot, description and control

8/19

 

codling moth, degree days for

6/17, 6/24, 8/19

 

diseases, summer, control program

6/10

 

diseases, storage, cosmetic

9/3

 

decays, storage, description and control

9/3

 

dormant oil spray

3/11

 

fire blight, alert

4/15

 

fire blight, early-season control (copper, pruning)

3/25

 

fire blight, first report of year

4/29

 

fire blight, MaryBlyt, description and update

3/18, 4/8

 

fire blight, shoot blight, first report of year

5/20

 

fire blight, secondary blooms, importance of

5/6

 

fire blight, summertime control strategies

5/20, 6/3

 

fire blight, trauma blight

5/27, 6/3

 

fungicide selection, late season

8/6

 

fungicide spray program, early-season

4/1

 

Glomerella leaf blotch, description and control

6/17

 

insects, fruit damage sampling at harvest

9/16

 

insects, degree-days, calculating

4/30

 

insects, late-season

9/16

 

insects, mid-summer

8/6

 

insects, new control recommendations

3/11

 

insects, pheromone traps, how to use

4/8

 

insects, pheromone traps, count updates

4/15, 4/22, 4/29, 5/6, 5/20, 6/3, 6/17, 6/24, 7/8, 7/22, 8/6, 8/19, 9/16

 

necrotic leaf blotch of Golden Delicious, description and control

6/3, 6/17

 

Phytophthora crown & collar rot, description and control

8/19

 

phytotoxicity reminder for Quadris/Abound

5/13

 

powdery mildew, description and control

4/22

 

plant bugs, description

6/10

 

redbanded leafroller moth activity

3/25

 

sooty blotch/flyspeck prediction

6/24

 

sooty blotch/flyspeck, tips for control

7/22

 

southern blight on young trees, description and control

9/16

 

tufted apple budmoth

4/29, 5/20

 

white rot, description and control

8/19

 Blackberry and Raspberry

double blossom - see "rosette"

 

 

orange rust, description and control

4/29

 

rosette, description and control

4/15, 6/10

 

production without Benlate

3/11, 4/22

Blueberry

Abound, new registration

3/11

 

chlorothalonil and Elevate registration

8/16

 

twig blight, description and control

4/8

Cherry

leaf spot, description and control

6/24

 

black knot, description and control

8/6

Cucurbit crops

powdery mildew, spray program

7/22

Grape

black rot, critical period for

5/13

 

black rot, spray program strategies

5/13, 5/20

 

bitter rot, description and control

7/22

 

Botrytis bunch rot, time for spray

5/20

 

downy mildew, description and control

8/19

 

fungicide spray program, early-season

4/22

 

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, fungicides for

4/22

 

Pierce's disease, description and control

4/1

 

Pierce's disease, alert

8/6

 

Pierce's disease, need help

9/16

 

powdery mildew, fungicides for

4/22

Peach and other stone fruits

bacterial spot, description and control

5/13

 

black knot, description and control

8/6

 

brown rot, description and control

6/24, 7/8

 

brown rot, fungicide trial results

6/24

 

dormant oil spray

3/1

 

green fruit rot, description and control

5/13

 

insects, pheromone traps, count updates

4/8, 4/15, 4/22, 4/29, 5/6, 5/20, 6/3, 6/17, 6/24

 

Oriental fruit moth

4/29, 6/17, 6/24, 8/19

 

plant bugs, description

6/10

 

plum curculio

6/17

 

Rhizopus rot, description and control

7/15

 

scab, description and control

5/13, 5/27

 

shuck-split fungicide applications

4/22

 

virus-testing program for purchased trees

3/18

Pumpkin

fruit rots, description and control

9/16

Strawberry

anthracnose, scouting and control

3/25, 4/15, 4/22

 

Botrytis - see "gray mold"

 

 

disease control after harvest, matted row

6/3

 

disease control during harvest

4/22

 

disease control in fall

9/16

 

disease reports

5/6

 

fungicides, designing a spray program

3/25, 4/15, 4/22

 

gray mold, sanitation and cultural practices for control

3/11

 

mites, twospotted

5/6

 

Phytophthora crown rot, scouting and control

4/29

 

Procure fungicide new registration

7/22

Tomato

Fusarium wilt, description and control

5/27

 

southern blight, description and control

7/15

 

tomato spotted wilt virus, description and control

7/15

Miscellaneous

Acramite miticide registration

3/25

 

Cabrio registration delayed

5/27

 

current conditions and crop development stages

3/11, 3/18, 4/1, 4/8, 4/15, 4/22, 4/29, 5/6, 5/20, 9/16

 

benomyl (Benlate) fungicide situation

4/22

 

fumigant prices

9/3

 

fungicides, small-batch preparation

5/13

 

fungicides, effect of rain on wash-off

5/27

 

methoxychlor tolerances revoked (all)

7/22

 

methyl bromide, critical-use exemptions

9/3

 

Nemacur cancelled

5/27

 

ORCHARD*A*SYST computer program

6/3

 

Phytophthora diseases

4/1

 

pesticide and fertilizer security

6/10

 

SecureŽ miticide

3/25

 

spray guides (commercial), how to obtain

3/11

2. Bacterial Spot of Pumpkin

Some serious cases of bacterial spot have been reported in pumpkin fields in the upper Cumberland Plateau area. Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, affects cucumber, gourds, pumpkin, and summer and winter squash. Severe outbreaks of the disease on jack-o-lantern pumpkins can result in near-total losses of fruit, as in the recent case in Tennessee. Bacterial spot causes economic losses by making fruit unmarketable (lesions on rind) or unharvestable (soft rot). Significant leaf loss can also occur.

Symptoms. Leaf lesions can be overlooked because of their small size.  The brown, angular spots may have yellow haloes. The appearance and size of fruit lesions can vary, depending on rind maturity and the presence of moisture. Initial lesions are small, slightly sunken, circular spots 1/16 to 1/8 inch in diameter, with a beige center and a dark green or brown halo. Soft rot bacteria often enter the rind through these lesions and cause the fruit to collapse in the field or later in storage. Wet weather can lead to severe problems with rotting of fruit.

Epidemiology. The causal bacterium can be seed-borne and can overwinter in crop residue. Fruit infection occurs through natural openings in young, rapidly expanding fruit prior to the development of a thick, waxy cuticle. The bacteria are spread in the field by splashing, and spread can be very rapid in rainy weather.

Control. Do not save seed. Seed should have been produce in arid regions under furrow irrigation. Rotate to crops other than cucurbits for two years before returning to pumpkins. If soil erosion is not a factor, cultivation of the soil when it is dry reduces bacterial survival. Do not use sprinkler irrigation in pumpkin crops. Inspect foliage closely, and begin using copper sprays as soon as symptoms of bacterial spot are observed. Use copper sprays preventively and stop applying them when no longer needed -- Spraying with copper is generally ineffective once an epidemic is under way. Also, fruit no longer need protection from bacterial spot as they approach maturity (rotting of fruit may develop at that time, but it is a continuation of earlier infections. Copper will not arrest infections in progress). (SB)

The Fruit Pest News URL is: https://webmail.utk.edu/redirect?http://web.utk.edu/~extepp/fpn/fpn.htm

Contacts:

 

Steve Bost, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist

scbost@utk.edu

 

Frank Hale, Associate Professor and Extension Entomologist

fahale@ext1.ag.utk.edu

 

Both authors available at:

615-832-6802

fax 615-781-2568

Plant and Pest Diagnostic Center

5201 Marchant Drive

Nashville, TN 37211

The Fruit Pest News URL is: https://webmail.utk.edu/redirect?http://web.utk.edu/~extepp/fpn/fpn.htm

Contacts:

 

Steve Bost, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist

scbost@utk.edu

 

Frank Hale, Associate Professor and Extension Entomologist

fahale@ext1.ag.utk.edu

 

Both authors available at:

615-832-6802

fax 615-781-2568

Plant and Pest Diagnostic Center

5201 Marchant Drive

Nashville, TN 37211